Philosophy-2007

1. Consider the following four links of causal
wheel of Buddhism:
1. Nama-rupa
2. Samaskara
3. Trsna
4. Sparsa
Which is the correct sequence of the
above?
a. 4-3-1-2
b. 2-1-4-3
c. 1-2-3-4
d. 3-4-1-2
2. Which of the following statements are not
true of nominalism?
1. Universal horseness does exist, but
exists in a fictional world, which is the
ontological Counterpart of the real
world.
2. The word ‘horse’ just names an
individual horse, and it cannot
meaningfully be used when no
individual horse is perceived in the
vicinity.
3. Universal horseness really exists
neither in the physical world nor in the
mental world.
4. Individual horse forming a class or
group of horses never add up to
universal horseness.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
Code:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1, 2 and 4 only
c. 2, 3 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only
3. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
According to Ramanuja, Isvara and Jiva
are
a. both distinguishable and separable
b. neither distinguishable nor separable
c. separable but not distinguishable
d. distinguishable but not separable
4. Consider the following argument of
Descartes:
“Since I know of some Perfections I did
not have, it follows of necessity that there
was another more perfect being upon
which I was dependent and from which I
have acquired everything that I have.”
Which one of the following is not implied
by the argument given above?
a. Something cannot come out of nothing
b. The idea of God includes the idea of
supreme perfection
c. Existence is implied in the very idea of
supreme perfection
d. The cause must have as much
perfection as there is in its effect
5. Which one of the following statements is
true of both Plato and Aristotle?
a. Universals, and not particulars, are real
b. Particulars, and not universals, are real
c. Both universals and particulars are real
d. Neither universals nor particulars are
of ontologically higher status than the
other
6. Consider the following argument:
No cow can be found in India.
All carnivorous animals are cows.
Therefore, no carnivorous animals can be
found in India, Which one of the following
is correct?
a. The argument is invalid because the
premises as well as the conclusion are
false
b. The argument is invalid solely on the
ground that conclusion is false
c. The argument is invalid because the
conclusion is wholly irrelevant to the
premises
d. The argument is valid because if the
premises are true, the conclusion must
be true
7. A sound deductive argument differs from a
valid deductive argument in having which
one of the following?
a. All false premises and a true
conclusion
b. All false premises and a false
conclusion
c. All true premises and a true conclusion
d. Some true premises, some false
premises and a true con- elusion
8. The validity of a particular argument is
dependent upon which one of the
following?
a. Fact
b. Form
c. Fact and form
d. Truth-value
9. Which one of the following propositions
expresses the relation of a member of a
class as being contained as a member in
another class?
a. All S is P
b. Some S is P
c. No S is P
d. Some S is not P
10. If the proposition “Some pace bowlers are
not temperamental” is given as false,
which of the following is false on the
traditional interpretation?
a. All pace bowlers temperamental
b. No pace bowlers temperamental
c. Some pace bowlers temperamental
d. Some temperamental persons are pace
bowlers
11. Which one of the following statements is
correct on the modern logic?
a. A and E propositions are contraries
b. I and O propositions are sub-contraries
c. A and I propositions are sub-alternates
d. A and O propositions are
contradictories
12. According to classical logic, general
schema of standard from categorical
propositions consist of which of the
following?
a. Subject term, predicate term only
b. Predicate term, some form of the verb
‘to be’, subject term
c. Subject term, predicate term, some
form of the verb ‘to be’, quantifier
d. Subject term, predicate term, quantifier
only
13. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the Lists
List I
A. C E S A R E
B. B A R B A R A
C. D A R A P T I
D. F E S A P O
List II
1. 1st figure
2. 2nd figure
3. 3rd figure
4. 4th figure
Code:
A B C D
a. 2 1 3 4
b. 4 3 1 2
c. 2 3 1 4
d. 4 1 3 2
14. Which of the following valid mood of
categorical syllogisms in traditional logic
is invalid on the modern Boolean
interpretation of categorical syllogisms?
a. B O C A R D O
b. F R E S E S O N
c. F E S A P O
d. D I S A M I S
15. Which one of the following statements is
correct about a valid syllogism?
a. A syllogism is valid by virtue of its
mood only
b. A syllogism is valid by virtue of its
figure only
c. A syllogism is valid by virtue of the
truth of its premises and the truth of its
conclusion
d. A syllogism is valid by virtue of its
both mood and figure

16. In a valid categorical syllogism ‘O’ is the
major premise only in which one of the
following?
a. First figure
b. Second figure
c. Third figure
d. Fourth figure
17. If the major premise of a valid categorical
syllogism is particular, the minor premise
must be which one of the following?
a. A
b. E
c. I
d. O
18. Some reformers are fanatics, so some
idealists are fanatics, since all reformers
are idealists.
The above argument’s validity or
invalidity can be tested by which one of
the following Venn diagrams?
a.
b.
c.
d.
19. Which one of the following statements is
not acceptable to J.S. Mill?
a. Man desires his own pleasure
b. Man ought to desire pleasure of all
c. Virtue is good in itself
d. Instead of counting the pleasure and
pain to be produced by our action, man
in practice, should follow moral rules
20. “If you run after pleasure, you will fail to
get it.” This is which one of the following
paradoxes?
a. Paradox of egoism
b. Paradox of altruism
c. Paradox of rigorism
d. Paradox of hedonism
21. Which one of the following statements is
not acceptable to Bentham?
a. An ethical standard must be an
objective standard
b. An ethical standard must be free from
all religious beliefs
c. An ethical standard should be capable
of guiding legislators
d. Reason alone can provide an objective
ethical standard
22. Consider the following statements:
The principle of “the greatest happiness of
the greatest number” is
1. a principle of compassion
2. a principle of utility
3. an altruistic principle
4. a teleological principle
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 2, 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 3 and 4 only
23. “Quantity of pleasure being equal, pushpin
is as good as poetry.”
With which one of the following is the
above statement not consistent?
a. Mental pleasures are different in kind
from physical pleasures
b. Difference in quality makes no
difference to goodness of pleasures
c. Pleasures are measurable in terms of
quantity
d. Intensity is a criterion of choosing
among pleasures
24. “Human nature is so constituted that it
desires nothing but pleasure as an end.
When it desires something else, it is
because that thing is either part of or a
means, to pleasure.”
To whom is this view attributed?
a. Bentham
b. Mill
c. Moore
d. Sidgwick
25. Which one of the following statements is
not correct?
a. Psychological hedonism is unpsychological
b. There is necessary connection between
psychological hedonism and ethical
hedonism
c. Whatever is desired is not desirable
d. Teleological theories in ethics are
known as consequentialist theories
26. Which one of the following statements
goes against psychological hedonism?
a. Gratification of every desire gives
pleasure
b. Imagined or experienced pleasantness
of an object of desire strengthens the
desire
c. There is such a thing as desire for
pleasure
d. Desire for pleasure may be superseded
by the desire for other things
27. What is not implied in the concept of
moral freedom?
a. Acts of deliberate moral choice cannot
be predicted
b. Actions are uncaused
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c. Repenting over past misdeeds is
genuine
d. Character can be changed
28. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
Deontological theories hold that breaking
promise is wrong because
a. its consequences are harmful to the
society
b. its consequences are harmful to the
person who breaks a promise
c. it is not approved by society
d. it is wrong by its nature
29. Each person possesses an inviolability
founded on justice that even the welfare of
the society as a whole cannot override.
Which type(s) of philosophers would
advocate this thesis?
a. A teleologist
b. A deontologist
c. Both teleologist and deontologist
d. Neither a teleologist nor a deontologist
30. Which of the following meanings of
‘right’ is/are moral one(s)?
1. ‘Right’ means that which is suited to
achieving the goal
2. ‘Right’ means that which is legally
sanctioned
3. ‘Right’ means that which ought to be
done
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
Code:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 only
d. 3 only
31. Consider the following statements:
1. Good and pleasure are identifiable.
2. The action is right which promotes
individuals’ own greatest good.
3. Rightness of an action is determined
by the act only.
4. Good can be identified with power,
self-realization, etc.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct according to teleologist?
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 3 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 1, 2 and 4 only
32. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
“X is yellow” and “X is good” are
a. grammatically similar yet their logical
import and behavior are entirely
different
b. grammatically dissimilar and their
logical import and behavior are
entirely different
c. grammatically similar and their logical
import and behavior are entirely same
d. grammatically dissimilar yet their
logical import and behavior are
entirely same
33. Consider the following statements:
1. Smoking in many places has been
banned.
2. Smoking is injurious to health.
3. It is wrong to smoke.
4. Smokers should be punished severely.
Which of the statements given above are
statements of value?
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only
34. Which one of the following is a moral
judgment?
a. Most Indian workers are honest
b. Honesty is desirable
c. Most men think that dishonesty is
wrong
d. Honesty pays in the long run
35. Which one of the following is not a
tautology?
a. ~ (p.q) ≡ (~ p. ~ q)
b. ~p ⊃ (p ⊃ q)
c. [(p ⊃ q) ⊃ p] ⊃ p
d. p ⊃ (q ⊃ p)
36. If the truth values of A, B and C are not
known, then what will be the truth value of
[(A ⊃) A) ∨ C] ∨ (B. ~ B)?
a. Impossible to determine
b. True
c. False
d. Without knowing the truth value of C,
it is impossible to determine the truth
value of the given expression
37. The knowledge that there is no pot on the
floor can be best expressed according to
Nyaya-Vaisesika in which one of the
following ways?
a. I don’t see a pot on the floor
b. I see floor alone
c. I see the absence of a pot on the floor
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d. I see floor to be different from a potpossessing
object
38. “The living bodies possess souls because
they possess functions such as breathing.”
Nyaya-Vaisesikas classify this inference as
which one of the following?
a. Asadharana anaikantika
b. Kevalanvayi
c. Kelavavyatireki
d. Anvaya-vyatireki
39. Which one of the following characteristics
truly defines the nature of Mind (manas) in
Nyaya-Vaisesika System?
a. It is spread over all the senses
simultaneously
b. It is physical in nature
c. It limits the cognition of only one
object at a time
d. It is identical with the soul
40. According to Carvakas, inference is not a
valid source of knowledge because
a. inference requires vyapti which cannot
be established
b. the validity of inference cannot be
known by perception
c. the need to use inference does not arise
due to repeated sense experiences
d. inference is used only to defeat the
opponent in a debate
41. “We do not reject all anumanas, but only
those anumanas which cannot be
confirmed through perception.” Which one
of the following schools holds this view?
a. The School of Carvakas called
Susiksita Carvakas
b. The School of Carvakas called Dhurta
Carvakas
c. Sautranika School of Buddhism
d. Vaibhasika School of Buddhism
42. Which one of the following interpretations
of the statement “This is a chair” suits
Buddhist approach to universals most?
a. This has chairness
b. This belongs to the class of chairs
c. This is other than non-chairs
d. This is a composite whole which can
be used for sitting
43. According to Buddhism, particulars are
real whereas universals are unreal, because
a. particulars are objects of pramana,
whereas universals are not
b. particular have causal efficacy,
whereas universals do not
c. particulars have common features
among themselves, where universals
do not
d. particulars are changing, whereas
universals are constant.
44. Samavayatva is not a jati according to
Nyaya-Vaisesikas.
Which of the following are the appropriate
reasons?
1. Samavaya is done
2. All Samavayas are identical
3. Samavayas overlap with each other
4. The relation between Samavaya and
Samavayatva can not be explained.
5. Accepting Samavayatva as jati leads to
infinite regress.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
Code:
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2 and 5 only
d. 1 and 5 only
45. Nyaya-Vaiseikas do not accept both
bhutatva and murtatva as jatis (but accept
only one of them as jati), because there is
samkara (overlap) between the two
characteristics. Which one of the following
is not relevant to this samkara?
a. Atman, Kala and Dik are neither bhuta
nor murta
b. Prthvi, Ap, Tejas and Vayu are both
bhuta and murta
c. Manas is murta but not bhuta
d. Akasa is bhuta but not murta

46. Which one of the following is correct
about Descartes’ view?
a. ‘Cogito’ is incorrigible and certain but
‘Sum’ is not
b. ‘Sum’ is incorrigible and certain but
‘Cogito’ is not.
c. Both ‘Cogito’ and ‘Sum’ are certain
and incorrigible
d. Neither ‘Cogito’ nor ‘Sum’ are certain
and incorrigible
47. Which one of the following is not true of
Spinoza’s Substance or God?
a. God or Substance is an individual out
of which all seeming individuals
(which are modifications of the single
substance) are constituted
b. God or Substance is infinite, selfcaused
and exists necessarily
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c. Thought and extension are the only
two essential attributes possessed by
God or Substance
d. Since God or Substance is self-caused,
its essence involves its existence
48. Which one of the following statements
regarding Berkeley’s criticism of abstract
ideas is not true?
a. Only a very few abstract ideas actually
correspond to abstract general images
b. An idea can resemble only another
idea
c. A true nominalist is more strongly
against a realist than against a
conceptualist on supporting abstract
ideas
d. A strict empiricist is logically drawn
towards the rejection of abstract ideas
49. Consider the following statements with
regard to Aristotle’s view on universals:
1. The term ‘universal’ means that which
is predicated of many subjects, while
‘individual’ means that which is not
predicated of any subject.
2. The problem of universals is concerned
with the meanings of proper names,
class-names and adjectives.
3. A proper name signifies a substance,
while what is signified by an adjective
or a class-name is called a ‘universal’
4. There is the universal ‘sweetness’ or
‘parenthood’ only because there are
individual sweet things or parents.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1, 2 and 3 only
b. 2, 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 3 and 4 only
d. 1 and 4 only
50. Which one of the following statements is
not correct according to Plato?
a. The Universal resides in the eternal
and transcendent world of ideas
b. The Universal is prior to particulars
c. The Universal is a concrete individual
d. The Universal is non-spatial and nontemporal
51. Which one of the following is not
acceptable to Ramanuja?
a. A thing may be a substance as well as
an attribute
b. Knowledge is both a substance and an
attribute
c. The self is both self-luminous and selfconscious
d. Knowledge is self-luminous as well as
self-conscious
52. Which one of the following is the correct
statement? According to Buddha, suffering
ceases when
a. Buddha’s grace descends upon us
b. the soul is discriminated from the body
c. we enter into vanaprastha
d. ignorance is dispelled by right
knowledge
53. In Buddhist ethics, the Dvadasanidana is
linked with the noble truth concerning
which one of the following?
a. Suffering
b. Origin of suffering
c. Removal of suffering
d. Way to removal of suffering
54. Which one of the following is not part of
the doctrine of Dvadasacakra nidana?
a. Avidya
b. Samskara
c. Vijnana
d. Samadhi
55. The rules of conduct and discipline of the
samgha as stated by Buddha are collected
in which one of the following?
a. Sutta pitaka
b. Abhidhamma pitaka
c. Milinda panho
d. Vinaya pitaka
56. Consider the following statements:
Gandhi says that truth is God because
1. the objective validity of the concept of
truth cannot be
2. doubted
3. even the atheist will concede that there
is truth
4. scepticism regarding truth defeats itself
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1 only
57. Which one of the following is not
consistent with Gandhi’s view of Truth?
a. Truth is what the voice within tells you
b. Truth is by nature not self-evident
c. Abstract truth has value
d. Ahimsa is the means: Truth is end
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58. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List I
(Philosophy)
A. Jainism
B. Buddhism
C. Bhagawad Gita
D. Gandhism
List II
(Theory)
1. Avidya is the root cause of bondage
2. Sthitaprajana
3. The ultimate end of non-violence is
sure victory
4. Bhava bondha and Dravya bondha
Code:
A B C D
a. 4 3 2 1
b. 2 1 4 3
c. 4 1 2 3
d. 2 3 4 1
59. Assertion (A): According to Nyaya-
Vaisesika, body and soul come together to
form a living creature in virtue of their
common property of unconsciousness.
Reason (R): Both body and soul are
basically unconscious.
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
60. Assertion (A): According to Sankara, Nondual
Brahman is the ultimate reality.
Reason (R): Anupalabdhi negates the
reality of this world.
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true

61. Assertion (A): According to Nyaya-

Vaisesika, a universal cannot inhere in

another universal.

Reason (R): Nyaya-Vaisesikas believe that

both particulars and universals are eternal.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

62. Assertion (R): Action should be done as a

sacrifice (yajna) being free from all

attachments.

Reason (R): All actions other than the

action done as sacrifice (yajna) cause

bondage.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

63. Assertion (A): Kant’s moral theory is

merely formal.

Reason (R): It cannot determine what we

should do in a particular situation.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

64. Assertion (A): According to Mill, the

general happiness is a good to the

aggregate.

Reason (R): Each person’s happiness is a

good to that person.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

65. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the Lists:

List-I

(View)

A. Perception is that non-erroneous

cognition which is produced by the

sense-object contact

B. Perception is direct cognition which is

not derived through the instrumentality

of any other cognition

C. Perception is direct apprehension

D. Perception is devoid of all thoughtconstructions

List II

(Philosopher)

1. Visvanatha

2. Prabhakara

3. Dingnaga

4. Goutama

Code:

A B C D

a. 4 1 2 3

b. 2 3 4 1

c. 4 3 2 1

d. 2 1 4 3

66. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the lists:

List-I

(Theory)

A. Svasamvedana

B. Anuvyavasaya

C. Jnatalinganumeya

D. Svayamprakasa

List-II

(System)

1. Advaita Vedanta

2. Buddhism

3. Nyaya-Vaisesika

4. Purva-Mimamsa

Code:

A B C D

a. 1 4 3 2

b. 2 3 4 1

c. 1 3 4 2

d. 2 4 3 1

67. Which one of the statements given below

is not consistent with the Advaita

epistemology of Sankara?

a. “If the sruti contradicts reason, reason

must be our guide for it is nearer our

experience.”

b. “Reason is the sole means of knowing

truth and falsity.”

c. “Even the statement that ‘intellect

stands condemned’ must be made by

intellect itself.”

d. “Sruti is the final pramana (souce of

knowledge) as it embodies revealed

truths.”

68. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the Lists

List-I

(Criterion)

A. Truth is that which conforms to fact

B. Truth is consistency among other

accepted ideas, things and judgments

C. Anything which is clear and distinct

must be held as true

D. Truth is that which works

List-II

(System)

1. Idealism

2. Pragmatism

3. Realism

4. Cartesianism

Code:

A B C D

a. 4 2 3 1

b. 3 1 4 2

c. 4 1 3 2

d. 3 2 4 1

69. Which one of the following schools

accepts the Coherence theory of Truth?

a. Idealism

b. Empiricism

c. Realism

d. Representationalism

70. The ideal of “Knowledge for knowledge’s

sake” is not accepted by which one of the

following theories?

a. Correspondence theory of Truth

b. Coherence theory of Truth

c. Pragmatic theory of Truth

d. Redundancy theory of Truth

71. Consider the following statements on

error:

1. Error is sheer omission and not

commission.

2. Error is wrong synthesis of the

presented and the represented objects.

3. Error is superimposition of one thing

over another.

Which of the statements given above is

/are valid as per Sankara’s account of

error?

a. 1 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 3 only

d. 1 and 2 only

72. When one has an erroneous cognition of

the form “This is silver” while there

actually is a shell, the error, according ‘to

Naiyayikas, consists of which one of the

following?

a. ‘Silver’, which is in one’s mind, is

cognized as being there outside the

mind

b. ‘Silver’ in fact, is not the qualifier of

the subject ‘this’, but it is wrongly

cognized to be so

c. ‘Silver’, which actually is the object of

memory, is not cognized to be so

d. The shell-aspect of the object before

me remains hidden, and the silveraspect

becomes manifest

73. Which one of the following reasons is not

used by Descartes to make the mind-body

distinction?

a. Whereas I can doubt that my body

exists, I cannot doubt that I myself

exist

b. I have a clear and distinct idea of

myself as a thing that thinks

c. I can clearly see that mind is

indivisible while a physical object is

divisible

d. I am distinct from my body since I am

present in my body as a sailor is

present in a ship




74. Which one of the following is not

advocated by Spinoza?

a. Individual minds are finite temporal

modes of substance under the attribute

of thought

b. Individual bodies are finite temporal

modes of substance under the attribute

of extension

c. Particular finite objects and minds are

direct effects of the substance of God

d. Each finite thing has its efficient cause

in some other finite thing

75. “The union of soul and body consists only

in the perfect mutual agreement, purposely

established by the order of first creation.”

Who among the following subscribed to

the above view?

a. Spinoza

b. Descartes

c. St. Augustine

d. Leibniz

76. Which one of the following doctrines
holds that “bodies act as if there were no
souls, and souls act as if there were no
bodies, and both act as if each influenced
the other”?
a. Interactionism
b. Occasionalism
c. Psycho-physical parallelism
d. Pre-established harmony
77. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List-I
(Philosopher)
A. Leibniz
B. Berkeley
C. Descartes
D. Spinoza
List II
(View)
1. The soul, evolving spontaneously,
always expresses the entire state of the
universe according to the relation of
other bodies to its own
2. Neither secondary qualities nor
primary qualities exist independently
of mind
3. Human being is a kind of union of two
distinct things : the mind and the body,
the body being a part of mechanical
nature, the mind being a pure thinking
substance
4. Mind and body are identical because
thought and extension are two
attributes under which the one
substance is conceived
Code:
A B C D
a. 3 1 2 4
b. 1 2 3 4
c. 3 2 4 1
d. 1 3 4 2
78. Which one of the following statements is
not correct according to Berkeley?
a. We do not understand what is meant
by saying that matter supports qualities
b. We cannot know that substances exist
without the mind, either by sense or by
reason
c. It is possible that we might be affected
with all the ideas we have now, though
there were no bodies existing out-side
d. The supposition of material substance
makes it easier to explain how
sensations are produced in us
79. Consider the following statements:
1. According to Mill, good will alone is
good.
2. According to Mill, good action is that
which is performed for the greatest
good of greatest number.
3. According to Kant, we should do our
duty for the good of the society.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
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c. 2 only
d. 1 and 3 only
80. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
According to Kant, a will is good when it
acts out of reverence for
a. the God
b. the humanity
c. the society
d. the law
81. Which one of the following statements is
not acceptable to Kant?
a. Moral consciousness presupposes
freedom of the will
b. Rational moral agents can have
genuine differences about moral
decisions
c. Moral consciousness presupposes the
immortality of the soul
d. The moral law is a command of reason
82. Kant’s claim that “Good will is good
without qualification” amounts to which of
the following?
1. Good will is good in itself.
2. Good will is good irrespective of its
consequences.
3. Good will, when added to another
good thing, prevents it from being bad.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
Code:
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 2 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
83. According to Kant, which of the following
statements about freedom of will are
correct?
1. Freedom is presupposed by morality.
2. To be free means that one is
determined by nothing but oneself
3. There is compatibility between free
will and arbitrariness
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
Code:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
84. Which one of the following statements is
not correct?
a. Freedom of will is a postulate of
morality
b. Freedom is a precondition for ascribing
moral responsibility
c. Without freedom moral praise or
blame becomes meaningless
d. The notion of punishment denies
freedom
85. Which one of the following is not
acceptable to G.E. Moore?
a. Goodness is a natural quality
b. Goodness is an unanalysable simple
quality
c. A good is a complex thing
d. Goodness cannot be apprehended
through senses
86. Consider the following statements:
1. The function of moral language is to
guide.
2. A value term has descriptive meaning
only.
3. A value term has both descriptive and
prescriptive meaning.
4. A value term has prescriptive meaning
only.
Which of the statements given above are
acceptable to R. M. Hare?
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 3 and 4 only
87. Which of the following statements
represent R. M. Hare’s views on the nature
of moral judgments?
1. The commendatory meaning of ‘good’
is the primary one.
2. The descriptive meaning of ‘good’
does not change from case to case.
3. There is universalizability built into the
meaning of ‘good’.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
Code:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
88. Which one of the following is maintained
by the emotivists?
a. There are moral facts but they are
neither true nor false
b. There are no moral facts that are either
true or false
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c. There are moral facts and they are
either true or false
d. Moral judgments. are essentially
descriptive of emotive attitudes
89. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
Niskamakarma is that action
a. which is done for the sake of doing it
b. which is performed without motivation
or intention
c. the consequences of which are not
known
d. the consequences of which one is not
obsessed with
90. Consider the following statements:
1. Karmayoga and jnanayoga are entirely
separate paths.
2. Bhaktiyoga is included both in
karmayoga and in jnanoyoga
3. One should fight the battle of life with
unagitated mind dedicating all actions
to God.
4. Self-perfection is not possible through
karmayoga alone.
Which of the statements given above is /
are not included in the teachings of the
Gita?
a. 1, 2 and 4 only
b. 1 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1 and 4 only

91. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the Lists:

List-I

(Ideal)

A. Jnana

B. Bhakti

C. Karma

List II

(Advocate)

1. Sankara

2. Mimamsa

3. Ramanuja

Code:

A B C

a. 1 3 2

b. 3 1 2

c. 3 2 1

d. 1 2 3

92. Which one of the following is morally

acceptable in Gandhian ethics?

a. Means and ends form a continuum

b. The good ends demand equally good

means for their justification

c. if the means are good, the ends would

naturally be good

d. if the ends are good, means would

naturally be good

93. Which of the following is/are included in

the triratna?

1. Asteya, ahimsã, satyam

2. Sarnyag-darsana

3. Samyag-jnadna and samyag-caritra

4. Ahimsa, mudita, maitri

Select the correct answer using the code

given below:

Code:

a. 1 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 4 only

d. 2 only

94. In the Jaina ethics, which one of the

following is most fundamental?

a. Asteya

b. Ahimsa

c. Aparigraha

d. Brahmacarya

95. Which one of the following is not

acceptable to Aristotle?

a. Form gives identity and individuality

to substances

b. Substance is that of which all else is

predicated

c. While universals are secondary

substances, particulars are primary

substances

d. It is matter which gives actuality to a

substance

96. Which one of the following statements is

true of Descartes?

a. God is only true ultimate substance,

while matter and mind are two other

substances brought into existence by

God

b. God is the most ultimate substance,

while mind is the next most ultimate

substance with lesser reality than God

but more reality than matter

c. God is one of the three substances,

matter and mind being the other two,

all equally ultimately real

d. While both matter and mind are

creations of God, matter is created

contingently but mind is created

necessarily

97. Which one of the following statements is

not correct about Locke’s philosophy?

a. Not all the properties we ascribe to

substances, really belong to them

b. Not all our ideas of properties of

substances are exact resemblances of

the real properties of substances

c. We can have certain knowledge of

primary qualities and not of secondary

qualities of objects

d. Objects produce ideas in us by virtue

of their possession of primary qualities

98. Consider the following statements:

1. Existence is identical with perception.

2. Primary and secondary qualities are

inseparable.

3. Abstract ideas are untenable.

4. Notion of other minds is unintelligible.

Which of the statements given above are

correct according to Berkeley?

a. l, 2 and 4 only

b. 2, 3 and 4 only

c. 1, 3 and 4 only

d. 1, 2 and 3 only

99. According to Nyãya-Vaiseikas, gold is

a. water, because it can melt like ice

b. fire, because it glitters

c. earth, because it is found in mines

d. a distinct substance because it has

qualities not shared by the above three

100. Which of the following are advocated by

Nyaya?

a. Atomism and Spiritualism only

b. Atomism, Spiritualism and Theism

c. Atomism, Theism and Realism only

d. Atomism, Theism, Realism and

Pluralism

101. Which one of the following is acceptable

to Buddhism?

a. The affirmation of only an eternal

spiritual substance and denial of the

material

b. The denial of an eternal substance,

spiritual as well as material

c. The affirmation of material substance

and denial of the spiritual

d. The affirmation of an ultimate reality

beyond both matter and spirit

102. Which one of the following pairs is not

consistent?

a. Madhyamikas: Nothing is real

b. Sautrantikas: External objects are

perception dependent

c. Yogacaras: Only the mental is real

d. Nagarjuna: There are two truthst

Samvrttisat and Paramarthasat

103. Which of the following statements is not

acceptable to Thomas Aquinas?

a. God is pure actuality

b. Creatures are in some ways like God,

in some not

c. God is knowable only by faith

d. The human soul is the form of the

human body

104. Which one of the following arguments is

not employed by St. Augustine to prove

the existence of God?

a. The argument based on necessary and

universal truths

b. The argument that infers the existence

of God from the idea of a perfect being

c. The argument based on the theory of

cause and effect

d. The argument based on purpose,

design and harmony

105. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below,

the Lists:

List I

A. Brahman cannot be the cause of the

universe. Atoms are its cause

B. Brabman is the material as well as the

efficient cause

C. God is both the material and the

instrumental cause

D. The world is an effect and hence it

must have an efficient cause. This

intelligent agent is God

List II

1. Sankara

2. Ramanuja

3. Nyaya

4. Vaisesika

Code:

A B C D

a. 4 3 2 1

b. 2 1 4 3

c. 4 1 2 3

d. 2 3 4 1

106. Plurality of souls is accepted by which of

the following?

1. Nyaya

2. Vaisesika

3. Samikhya

4. Yoga



Select the correct answer using the code

given below

Code:

a. 1 only

b. 1 and 2 only

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1, 2, 3 and 4




107. According to Nyaya-Vaisesikas, Atman is

an all-pervasive substance and

consciousness is its quality. But one’s

consciousness does not exist outside one’s

body. The reason for that is because

consciousness is

a. an impermanent quality (anityaguna)

b. a special quality (visesaguna)

c. a non-substance-pervading quality

(avyapyavrttiguna)

d. non-inherent (a-samaveta) in Atman

108. Consider the following statements

regarding Sankara:

1. Maya is the power of God.

2. Creation is nothing but a

superimposition of diversity on the

Supreme Reality Brahman

3. God is independent of His act of

creation

4. Creation is not ex nihilo

Which of the statements given above are

correct?

a. 1, 2 and 3 only

b. 1, 2 and 4 only

c. 2, 3 and 4 only

d. 1, 3 and 4 only

109. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the Lists:

List I

(Rule)

A. De Morgan’s Theorems

B. Distribution

C. Exportation

D. Transposition

List II

(Equivalence Expression)

1. [p ⊃ (q ⊃ r)] ≡ [(p.q) ⊃ r]

2. (p ⊃ q) ≡ {~ q ⊃ ~ p)

3. ~ (p ∨ q) ≡ (~ p. ~ q)

4. [p. (q ∨ r)] ≡ [(p . q) ∨ ( p. r)]

Code:

A B C C

a. 1 4 3 2

b. 3 4 1 2

c. 1 2 3 4

d. 3 4 2 1

110. Given below is what purports to be a

formal proof of validity for a particular

argument:

1. (E.F).G

2. (F.G) ⊃ H ∨ A | ∴ A ∨ H

3. E.(F.G)

4. F.G

5. H ∨ A

6. A ∧ H

At which step does the proof go wrong?

a. Step 3

b. Step 4

c. Step 5

d. Step 6

111. Consider the following expressions for

which it is given that A and B are true

while X and Y are false

1. (X ⊃ B) ⊃ (Y ∨ A)

2. (A ⊃ B) ⊃ (X. ~Y)

3. Y[X. (A ≡B)]

Which of the expressions given above are

true?

a. 1 , 2 and 3

b. 1 and 2 only

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1 and 3 only

112. When p is true, q is false and r is true, then

which one of the following expressions is

false?

a. p ⊃ q

b. q ⊃ r

c. p ⊃ r

d. q ⊃ p

113. Consider the following sentences:

1. The computer can solve many

problems, but it has no insight.

2. The computer can solve many

problems and it has no insight.

Which one of the following is correct?

a. It is possible for sentence (1) to be true

and sentence (2) to be false

b. The sentence (2) does not logically

imply the sentence

c. The same truth-functional connective

is used in the symbolization of the two

sentences

d. The ‘but’ in sentence (1) is not truthfunctional

114. How is “England and Germany will both

not be winners” symbolized in modern

logic?

a. ~ E ∨ ~ G

b. ~ (E. G)

c. ~ E. ~ G

d. ~ E ∨ G

115. Consider the syllogism:

All rich people have a flamboyant

lifestyle.

All people ambitious enough to have a

flamboyant lifestyle are vain.

Therefore, some vain people are rich. The

syllogism commits which fallacy?

a. The fallacy of illicit major

b. The fallacy of illicit minor

c. The fallacy of four terms

d. The fallacy of exclusive premises

116. If Germany wins, England will be upset.

England is upset. Therefore, Germany

won.

What fallacy is involved in the above

argument?

a. Denying the antecedent

b. Undistributed middle

c. Affirming the consequent

d. Insufficient data to arrive at a

conclusion

117. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code given below

the Lists:

List I

A. Fallacy of exclusive premises

B. Fallacy of drawing an affirmative

conclusion

C. Existential fallacy

D. Fallacy of undistributed middle

List-II

1. All men are mortal.

All kings are mortal.

∴ All kings are men.

2. All men are mortal.

All kings are men

∴Some kings are mortal.

3. No men are honest.

No kings are men.

∴ Some kings are honest.

4. No men are honest.

All kings are men.

∴All kings are honest.

Code:

A B C D

a. 2 1 3 4

b. 3 4 2 1

c. 2 4 3 1

d. 3 1 2 4

118. According to modern logical

interpretation, “All trespassers are liable to

be prosecuted” is equivalent with which

one of the following assertions?

a. All members of the class trespassers

who exist are liable to be prosecuted

b. If there is a trespasser, then he is liable

to be prosecuted

c. Some members of the class trespassers

who exist are liable to be prosecuted

d. Either there is a trespasser or he is

liable to be prosecuted

119. Consider the argument and the Venn

diagram given below:

All murderers prosper before doom.

Some murderers are politicians.

Therefore, some politicians prosper before

doom.

Where

D = the class of people who prosper before

doom

M = the class of murderers

P = the class of politicians

Which one of the following is correct?

a. The first premise is not correctly

represented in the Venn diagram

b. The second premise is not correctly

represented in the Veun diagram

c. The conclusion fails to be correctly

represented in the Venn diagram

d. The Venn diagram shows that the

argument is valid

120. A valid standard form categorical

syllogism in the Aristotelian logic differs

from the modern interpretation in

permitting which one of the following?

a. To contain more than three terms

b. To leave the middle term to be

undistributed in all the premises

c. To draw particular conclusion from

two universal premises

d. To draw a conclusion from two

negative premises