About the Exam
Before starting the preparation, it is important to have a complete understanding about the exam process, its structure and the various aspects related to the preparation.
The structure of the exam and related information can be obtained from the UPSC website.
Go to www.upsc.gov.in link to examination sections. Then link to the archives, where you will find the notification of Civil services exam. The complete notification should be studied carefully.
Nature of the Exam
In any competitive exam, understanding the nature of the exam is the most crucial phase. The preparation will be more focused when you know exactly what the examiner is expecting. At the same time, the competition is relative. You only need to be better than the other aspirants to get a final place in the merit list.
The nature of the exam can be analyzed through the following ways:
- A thorough analysis of the previous year’s papers and the recent trends.
- Discussing elaborately with teachers, successful candidates and seniors.
- Carefully understanding the requirements of the exam as given in the notification.
The preparation should start only after having the basic idea about the exam. Later on, as you study, there should be a continuous analysis and comparison between your preparation and the requirements of the exam. This kind of assessment will help in being very focused and all the efforts can be channelised in the right direction.
Understanding the nature of the exam is very critical for success in civils exam. First of all, lets examine why it takes so much time for many in clearing this exam. There is lot of hype around the IAS exam. People have very ridiculous ides about the preparation for it. The coaching institutes, magazines and toppers almost everyone associated with the exam try to increase this hype due to vested interests. So a fresh aspirant comes with the idea that he has to do some hi-funda preparation and be like a scholar in the subjects. He starts his preparation on a high note and works hard in the beginning. For each topic he tries to do maximum and best preparation. In the process, he reads all the text books and the coaching material available in the market. Some spend 2-3 days on each topic and prepare 10-15 pages of notes. Gradually, he feels exhausted and the momentum slows down. Due to this approach, he is not able to complete the syllabus. So, he goes for a selective study as the exam nears. Now the pressure becomes unbearable, as on one hand he has not completed the syllabus and on the other hand he prepared so much notes for each topic that revision becomes impossible within a short time. People have a funny idea that civils can be cleared only in multiple attempts. So, the aspirant starts succumbing to pressure and convinces himself that it is only his first attempt and, therefore he can prepare better next time. Naturally, his performance in the exam affects and he is in no position to clear the exam. When the marks come, he will compare his marks with what he has written. Then, he will also compare the marks of toppers. With experience, he realizes that the exam does not expect him to be a master in the subject. But merely that the aspirant should be thorough in the basics.
The civils exam is all about the basics with lot of clarity. The exam process is complex, but the solution should be a simple one. If the aspirant complicates the preparation also, then he is in real trouble. To understand the exam, just observe the following facts:
- The candidates who qualify for IAS (say top 40) get marks in the range of 55-60%.
- To make it to the final list, a candidate requires 50-55%
- To qualify for the interview a candidate requires 48-50%
That means, it is sufficient to get a ‘Second class’ to clear the exam. Even the toppers get only around 60% marks. The reason is due to the nature of the exam itself. The syllabus is so huge that it is not humanly possible to be a scholar in all the papers – GS, essay and two optionals (preliminary, main and interview). In the final month, when revision has to be done, there will be around 2000 topics in all including various sub-topics from which questions can be asked. It is not possible for anyone to master that much syllabus. The exam can be written well when the preparation is simple and the aspirant is very strong in basics with clarity.
In Public administration, there is a theory on Decision making by Herbert Simon. Taking an analogy of that theory to exam preparation, the strategy should be a ‘Satisfying’ approach. It means a preparation which is ‘good enough’ for the exam. Whereas, many try to do a ‘maximising’ approach where they want to do the best preparation without considering the requirements of the exam. The civils exam is all about basics and a Satisfycing approach.
Anyhow, the exam process itself is psychologically very pressurizing. We should devise ways to reduce this pressure. By adopting a Maximizing approach, the revision becomes very difficult and the exam days will be a nightmare. When the preparation is complicated, there is a real danger of confusion with respect to clarity. Since, revision is difficult, remembering and reproducing in the exam hall will be affected. Therefore, the focus should be on getting clarity on the basics. When the foundation is strong there is no problem of revision and reproduction. Moreover, the exam only requires 50% marks, which is quite easy with good basics. The marks can be further enhanced with innovation in writing answers. That will take the scores beyond 55-60%, ensuring a top service. So, the real key to the civils exam is – basics with clarity and innovation.
The creativity and innovation is not something that you will get in the text books. They have to be developed on your own. It requires lot of thinking and observation. By innovation in answers what is meant is –
- catchy introduction
- diagrams
- graphs
- flow charts
- maps
- case studies
- contemporary touch and applicability
- Conclusion.
Basics with clarity will come when there is lot of questioning while studying. The topic has to be studied in a logical manner. Suppose you are studying a topic on Inflation. Think logically as a layman, then you should get the following sequence of questions
- what is inflation
- why should there be inflation, i.e., causes
- So what if there is inflation, i.e., impact
- If impact is negative, then naturally we should be doing something to reduce it, so what steps were taken and what happened
- If still inflation is there, then what’s wrong with the steps taken
- How to control inflation , any suggestions by experts and recent developments.
You can add innovations like say a simple graph showing how the inflation has been in recent times and also a flow diagram about the impact of inflation.
In this manner, the basics in the topic can be covered with clarity. And the topic should be remembered in this logical structured way for the exam. It should be understood that once you have done the topic in this comprehensive method through logical questioning, the preparation is over for that topic. You need not go through any journals or hi-funda text books for becoming an expert in the topic. This much of basics with clarity is sufficient for the exam. And, this is what is humanly possible in view of the huge syllabus.
Secondly, since the preparation will be simple with a Satisfycing approach, it is easy to complete the whole syllabus. The reason why many go for selective preparation is because they maximize each topic, spend 2-3 days on it and in the end there is no time for completing the syllabus. It becomes very risky in the exam if the paper is not favourable. So, its very important that no topic is left out in the syllabus.
It should be noted that completing the syllabus with basic clarity itself requires lots of efforts. But the hard work would be channelised in the right direction and there would be no reason why the candidate would not be successful.
So, to summarize, the following points should be kept in mind while doing preparation:
- It is a Second class exam which requires a satisfycing approach
- The focus should be on gaining basic clarity in each topic, which will come only through lots of logical questioning
- The whole syllabus should be completed
- More time should be spent on thinking about the topic and making innovations, rather than on reading too many study material.
- The previous papers should be thoroughly analyzed to understand the expectations of the examiner.
- The preparation should be focused and all the hard work should be channelised in the right direction.
Choosing the optionals
The most important step in the exam is chosing the optionals. There is a need to be really cautious about the optionals. The main problem is lack of level playing field between the optionals. In fact, the result depends a lot on the optionals that we take.
Some criteria which should guide you while chosing optionals are:
- interest in the subject. This is quite important for sustaining the momentum in studies and completing the huge syllabus.
- Availability of guidance – in the form of seniors who cleared with the optional, coaching, material, etc.
- Performance of the optional in the last few years.
- Time gap between the two optionals. Chose the optionals combination so that there is some time gap between them.
Some of the optionals which a majority take are: Anthropology, Geography, History, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology and Literature.
The main advantage with these optionals are:
- availability of guidance, which reduces the efforts to a large extent
- the knowledge also helps in GS, Essay and interview.
- They are also relevant for an administartive career.
The reason why they are called ‘scoring’ is not because the examiners give more marks here. The guidance helps a lot in understanding the exam quickly. So, we can prepare accordingly and score well. Also, because there is market for these subjects, the material available is also of good standard. Moreover, there is no risk associated with these optionals.
If a person is from professional education background, which optionals should he choose? This is a basic question for many. There is a tendancy to opt for the graduating subject. Lets understand the problems associated with these subjects.
- There will be no guidance available. So, lots of time will have to be spent in understanding the requirements of the exam. Then, searching for the material. It becomes a trial and error process. All the energies will be spent on this, while you get exhausted when really studying. At the same time, you will also have to complete the huge syllabus of another optional and GS.
- Because of the above problem, it will take more time and more attempts. While, your friends in other fields go far ahead. So, both peer and social pressure starts. The exam is anyhow psychologically draining, if other pressures add to it , then it becomes unbearable. Finally, your goal of cracking the exam becomes impossible.
- You will have to do every thing on your own. Initially it might be fine. But the exam is of long duration. It becomes difficult to sustain the momentum on your own.
- Previously, science and engg. Optionals used to do very well. In top 20, there used to be 18-19 from IIT and engg background. But after 2000, UPSC has modified the syllabus. It became a very huge syllabus and even the exam questions are made tough. Thats the reason why, very few are writing the exam from IITs now. Many engineers are taking arts optionals instead of sciences. Just observe the background of the toppers and their optionals.
A person might be University topper, but we have to understand the difference between an academic exam and a competitive exam. Moreover, the optionals are not on the same platform. So it is very important to be careful, while chosing optionals, even though you might feel you are really good in a particular subject.
Still, if you are confident about your subject, then do take that optional. Because, there is nothing like a scoring or non-scoring optional. There are some people who cleared with optionals that others don’t take generally. But take into consideration the following points
- do you have a senior who has cleared with this optional and who can guide you well
- do you have close association with professors who have good understanding about this exam.
- Are you clear about the requirements of the exam? Study the previous papers thoroughly and assess yourself
- Be clear about the books to follow. Don’t do trial and error process. Do a focused exam oriented preparation.
- Be aware that you have to put double the efforts compared to other aspirants. This should always be on your mind.
- Do not neglect other optional and GS. Give equal importance.
- Form a group of aspirants with same optional. If you prepare in isolation, then there will be no flow of information.
There are some succesful candidates with following optionals – Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Commerce and Accountancy, Managemet, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Zoology.
Do not be in a hurry to decide about the optional. Be very cautious and consult the right people about the information. Analyse carefully all the pros and cons, and then take a decision purely based on your assessment.
Coaching
Due to the complex exam procedure, the coaching assumes a crucial role. Unfortunately, it is a costly affair. But the coaching has the following advantages:
- helps in understanding the requirements of the exam quickly, so that the preparation is focussed.
- reduces the efforts in preparation, as subject experts teach the topics in exam orientation. Any how, the candidate has to prepare for atleast one new optional.
- helps in getting many contacts with co-aspirants which is useful for exam related information. Never prepare for this exam in complete isolation. In any complex situation, information plays the key role.
It is advisable to go for some coaching classes. But remember that there are not many genuine teachers available. So be very careful while joining any institute. Please take into account the following points:
- do not merely go by the advertisements, nor the claims made in magazines or the interviews supposedly given by the toppers.
- meet the successful candidates and the seniors who have taken coaching from that institute.
- do not go by the advise of only one person. It is better to contact as many as possible and get a general opinion.
- meet the teacher personally,ask for their programme details, results,etc, and assess yourself if it is worth joining there.
If you are working somewhere or economically under privileged, and therefore, cannot go for coaching, please do not get discouraged. There are many people who cleared the exam without coaching. You can device ways of getting the required information about the exam. But you should always be aware that you will have to work harder than others to clear the exam. So be prepared for that and believe that hard work will always be paid back in the end.
Check out the competition magazines to get the addresses of various coaching institutes.
Marks:
The following data about the marks and the ranks will give a general idea about the efforts that are required. The marks and the ranks keep varying every year depending on the vacancies and the standard of the question papers.
In prelims, a score of above 300 out of 450 is desirable to be on the safe side. In GS, it is better to be above 80. The scores for the optionals should be in the range of 80-90 or above depending on the subjects. Usually, it is believed that a proportion of students are taken from each optional. So, in any case, you are expected to be in the top segment in your optional to get selected for the mains.
The scores for the mains are in the range of 50-55%. Usually, a score of above 1050 is better to ensure a place in the final list.
In the interview, a score around 150-180 is a normal performance. Some get a score of even 220-240. The UPSC has deliberately kept a wide range in interview (scores vary between 50-240), so as to have the final say in who would get into the service. So, it is very important to make personality development a vital part in your preparation. The final rank is going to depend very much on the interview marks.
In general category, the score should be above 1290 to get into IAS.
The actual ranks and the service placements can be obtained from the personnel ministry website. www.persmin.nic.in
Exam time table
The exam time table is almost the same every year. This information will be useful in selecting the optionals. But remember clearly that you interest in the subject should be the main criteria.
The exam sequence is as follows:
GS
Essay and English
Indian language paper
History
Mathematics, Statistics
Sociology, Anthropology
Geography
Engineering subjects
Political Science, Public Administration
Literatures
Physics
Commerce, Management
Zoology
Economics
Botany
Law
Philosophy
Agriculture, Veterinary Science
Psychology
Chemistry
Geology
General Suggestions:
Observe the following points:
- Long hours of study and lot of other sacrifices are needed. You should have a very determined mental make up and a never-say-die kind of spirit.
- The fortune favours the brave. So work hard with courage inspite of the failures. The final reward is bound to come. The luck factor does not help if you don’t work hard to your full capacity.
- to err is human, but the one who rectifies is a champion. So, do lots of introspection as you progress in the preparation. This will help you in identifying the mistakes and rectifying them at the right time.
- Devotion and Determination are the keys to the success. Be ready to work hard. But at the same time, ensure that your efforts are channelised in the right direction.
- Plan your study and try to work it out within schedule. Set weekly targets and at the end of the week, do a self-appraisal.
- Patience and perseverence always pays. You should have the confidence and the killer instinct. Remember clearly that there are no shortcuts to success.
- there will be lots of temptation to give up the attempt, as you progress in the preparation. This is mainly due to the huge syllabus and the accumulating pressure. But be aware that these are the critical moments. You should face all these pressures with courage. Be determined to clear the exam in the first attempt.
How should a fresh candidate approach the exam?
A new aspirant should keep in mind the following points:
- first try to understand the exam. Gather information from various sources, analyse the previous years’ papers, meet seniors and teachers, and think deeply about the exam and the way you should prepare.
- chose the optionals very carefully.
- Settle down in some place where you can study without disturbances, it is better to be isolated for a year during the preparation.
- select the coaching centers carefully after enquiring from various sources. Do not merely go by the advertisements.
- Do not be in a hurry to buy all the material available in the market. Be selective and chose only the best, based on advise of right seniors.
- Establish good relation with the teachers and make complete advantage of their experience.
- Remember always that you are going to have a tough period for next two years. So be well prepared for all situations. Keep working hard right from the beginning without any distractions.
- Believe strongly that you will clear the exam in the first attempt itself and do not compromise at any stage. If required work harder than ever before.
- Take care of your health aspects. It is better to learn ‘Sudarshan Kriya’ as early as possible.
- Do not be in a hurry to complete the syllabus. Go slow when you read new concepts. Do regular revisions.
- make writing practise a part of your daily routine.
- The current affairs notes should be prepared every day.
- The preparation should be started atleast a year ahead of the prelims exam.
- Do not give the attempt unless you are confident of qualifying for the interview. The first attempt should be the best one, so work hard with determination.
Thursday, September 9, 2010
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Contact Me
Hello Friends,
I hope You guys liked My Collection and making use of them, if u guys really want to help others by sharing the information that u have collected , u can please send me your collection to dpiitm@gmail.com with IAS as subject and i will post the material giving credit to ur name!!
please help others in gaining enough knowledge and help them towards their destiny!!
Lets share, care and grow Together.........
Contact id: dpiitm@gmail.com
I hope You guys liked My Collection and making use of them, if u guys really want to help others by sharing the information that u have collected , u can please send me your collection to dpiitm@gmail.com with IAS as subject and i will post the material giving credit to ur name!!
please help others in gaining enough knowledge and help them towards their destiny!!
Lets share, care and grow Together.........
Contact id: dpiitm@gmail.com
Thursday, February 4, 2010
Public Administration-Mains
Wednesday, February 3, 2010
Friday, January 15, 2010
NCERT
Class X - General Sciences (Science & Technology)
- CHAPTER-1
- CHAPTER-2
- CHAPTER-3
- CHAPTER-4
- CHAPTER-5
- CHAPTER-6
- CHAPTER-7
- CHAPTER-8
- CHAPTER-9
- CHAPTER-10
- CHAPTER-11
- CHAPTER-12
- CHAPTER-13
- CHAPTER-14
- CHAPTER-15
Class X - Social Sciences
Class XI - Indian Constitution
Class XI - Physical Geography
- Chapter-1
- Chapter-2
- Chapter-3
- Chapter-4
- Chapter-5
- Chapter-6
- Chapter-7
- Chapter-8
- Chapter-9
- Chapter-10
- Chapter-11
- Chapter-12
- Chapter-13
- Chapter-14
- Chapter-15
- Chapter-16
Class XI - Business Studies
- Chapter-1
- Chapter-2
- Chapter-3
- Chapter-4
- Chapter-5
- Chapter-6
- Chapter-7
- Chapter-8
- Chapter-9
- Chapter-10
Class XI - Economics
Class XI - Accountancy I
Class XI - Accountancy II
Class XI - Macro Economics
Class XII - Micro Economics
Class XII - Accountancy -I
Class XII - Accountancy -II
Class XII - Human Geography
- Chapter-1
- Chapter-2
- Chapter-3
- Chapter-4
- Chapter-5
- Chapter-6
- Chapter-7
- Chapter-8
- Chapter-9
- Chapter-10
- Appendices-1
- Appendices-2
Class XII - India People and Economy
- Chapter-1
- Chapter-2
- Chapter-3
- Chapter-4
- Chapter-5
- Chapter-6
- Chapter-7
- Chapter-8
- Chapter-9
- Chapter-10
- Chapter-11
- Chapter-12
- Chapter-13
- Chapter-14
- Chapter-15
Class XII - Sociology (Social changes in India)
Class XII - Biology
Monday, January 11, 2010
How to Succeed in Indian Civil Service: A Sure way
The path to the coveted Civil Services is full of ups and downs and is a highly uneven track to traverse. Before taking a decision about Civil Services as your career, it is expedient to check up oneself and remain determined afterwards.
The first and foremost thing to decide while aspiring for Civil Services is the judicious choice subjects for the Prelims and the Mains. This is the most important and first step of your journey and should be accomplished most carefully as coming things hinge on it and a wrong decision may prove to be disastrous. Careful analysis of syllabus, previous years' papers, your calibre, requirement of subject (Visionary, Numerical, Theoretical), comfort level with the subject and past trends should be done. Advice from seniors and fellow candidates should also be sought. To avoid dithering in choice at later stage, initial deep thinking and consultations are a must. Having decided the subject, it is advisable to stick to your choice even if the perception of others about it is not favorable.
Preparation for General Studies can be done hand in hand while preparing for Optional papers. Good mix of study hours for General Studies and Optional makes study enjoyable and it becomes easy to sustain for long hours without losing interest and enthusiasm. Before Prelims result, one Optional can be exhaustively prepared so as to have an edge during study for the Mains and also to ease out burden during these busy days.
General Studies, though does not have any limits, yet syllabus as outlined by UPSC gives quite good understanding of the question paper. General tendency about General Studies paper is to devote much more time on unproductive readings which, in reality yields little returns. Concentrate on what is more probable, followed by probable, then less probable if time permits. Even if you do not cover less probable ones, you are not at much of loss. So, be secure and study systematically.
Being a regular reader of newspapers n magazines gives good command and writing skill, hence, this should be made a habit. Trend now-a-days has shifted more towards current issues, hence a thorough awareness of recent happenings is mandatory. one you achieve the threshold in General Studies, more efforts should be put on Optional (Especially in Prelims) as it is more scoring and is the hub of success.
For Mains, syllabus is quite beautifully elaborated and we know beforehand the study topics. Ready reference material as published in some magazines is of great help. I believe that the preamble of UPSC Question Paper are the instructions on the front page of the paper. Give some time in reading the instructions and follow them. By doing this, you are averting a possible source of error which could creep in if you do not read them.
Follow the world-limit as prescribed at the end of the question to the extent possible. Try to confine your answer within that limit, never exceed it. The art to express many contrasting views in a confined word space comes through practice, so practise some previous years' question papers. Be your own while writing, never try to imitate anybody. Your expression needs try to be limited yet comprehensive while writing General Studies paper. In Essay paper, your imagination can reach zenith but with a purpose, never divert from the main topic. To ensure, work out the sub-titles, rearrange them if necessary and once you are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate on this outline after wards.
There is no standard word-limit yet. What one can effectively write in 3-hour duration is good enough length. My essay consisted of approx 2500 words. Conclusion should be drawn only at the end, take a balanced approach and write whatever good comes to your mind at the end, take a balanced approach and write what ever good comes to your mind at the moment. Devote initial 40-46 minutes on preparing rough outline. Next 2 hours for writing inflow and last 15-20 minuets for review and corrections.
In addition to Competition Success Review and standard books, I studied History Polity of Spectrum Series books, Economics, Science & Technology and Geography through MnM Series books which I found quite useful.
"How to write an answer" is equally vital for Optional paper as it is for General Studies & Essay. Students sometimes ignore basics and it costs much. Before proceeding, state all the assumptions involve and try to give minutes plausible details, adopt step0by-step approach, see that no vital step is left in between, as these steps are the links and missing or weak links can never ensure good strength of the answer, so be careful about it. All this sequential and systematic answering comes through a lot of practice and analysis of standard answers. Simulate the actual examination hours at home to judge your performance and to plug any loopholes.
For the Personality Test one should better form a group of 3-4 people as the preparation for Interview cannot be done in isolation. All would agree that personality is a life-time asset and expecting miraculous alterations in personality in a span of a few days or weeks is not possible. Yet, efforts can be made to overcome major deficiency and polish p views and opinions. Remember, no one is omniscient and non-awareness of something should be admitted with politeness. Only those people learn who have urge to change are willing to accept new ideologies. If at any point of time, you could show that your approach is flexible an amenable the world is yours. It is better to say 'No' than to bluff around. Those interviewing are highly experienced persons and know much better than us, therefore one should be expressed only if asked so, never start giving history of an issue, unless asked to do so. Of the question put is not clear t you, politely ask for more information. It is not the factual knowledge but your views which are on test. Always observe interview etiquette and be honest, polite, convincing an modest. Arrogance, rigidity, flicking round the issue should be avoided.
A lot depends upon the Almighty, so pray often. Be self confident but not complacent, honest, motivated, have patience and be optimistic. Work hard as there is no short-cut to success and hard work never goes unrewarded. I would like to quote Swami Vivekanand (often my eldest brother reminds me of it): Arise awake and rest not till the goal is achieved. There are many ups and downs during the course. It is the 'downs' which need to be tackled more vigorously and skillfully, it is when a person's qualities are on test and they emerge as winners who have these qualities.
I have read somewhere that winners are those who manage their hardships effectively and do learn from our mistakes makes us successful. Never feel depressed, self confidence and inner strength are the two basic requirements for anybody to appear in this examination. Believe in yourself. You are your own best judge and you know which areas are weak and need reinforcement.
Profound Faith In God, Strong Will Power and Dogged Pursuit Do Bear Fruit -Ms. Manju Rajpal, IAS Topper Among Women 2000
"Winners don't do different things, but they do the things differently" - these lines appearing in the Preface of Shiv Khera's Book "You Can With" touch the very fathom of success or failure in life. There are no roses always strewn on the path of those moving towards their goal in life; instead the thorns in the way is the biggest truth of life. I never agree with those who think failure s synonymous with lick. Every sweat of your brow through hard work bears the splendour of your bright career and this ensures your Golden Tomorrow. Those who keep faith in their capabilities, shape their future with their own deeds. We have t take exam/test at every step f life. Therefore, whether it is a competitive exam or a sundry struggle in day-to-day life, till you have the high aim of standing first or coming out victorious therein, the pinnacle of success remains a distance dream.
The first step towards success is to choose your goal honestly and thereafter to make dedicated efforts backed by strong determination t achieve it. By honesty, I mean that incases you are selecting Civil Services s your career, the first quest ion that you should put to yourself is: Whether you want to become the same of which you are making efforts. It is very easy to inherit a dream, an aspiration or a goal but to muster courage to convert it into reality is surely a difficult task. Therefore, if father desires, mother has a dream or it is a pressure from your social circle or family that you have to be a shining star in the firmament of civil Services but you are planning, for your job satisfaction, quite a different a career for you, my advice to you would be to reconsider your decision for making Civil Services as your goal. If the decision to join Civil Services is your own, then assess your suitability in the context of your capabilities to see whether you passes the requisite self-confidence, dedicated efforts, strong determination and commitment; the reason being that the lack of constant and hardwork leading to initial setback or failure to achieve the desired success engulfs the whole personality into darkness.
If your decision is backed by an honest assessment of positive aspect of your capacity or capability, then proceed towards your goal in right direction and, believe me no obstacle on the way can ever waver you from your path. By right direction; I mean that if you want to ensure your success in Civil Services, then it is desirable to make a right selection of study material. I have seen many candidates studying a lot which is hardly necessary. Therefore, don't waste your energy. Take a decision on the basis of the nature of your Optionals whether extensive or intensive study is required. Always use authentic and dependable study material brought out by standard publishers.
You must be quite serious in the selection of your subjects. Some subjects are considered scoring and that the chances of success therein are rated quite high. This is a wrong method of subject-selection. Subject-selection should be always based on your interest in the subject, availability of study material and your ability to understand the nature of the subject as a first reaction, better evaluate your deficiencies in the subject and try to remove them. In my opinion, keeping in view the moral disequilibrium and fall in performance level as a result of such frequent change of subjects, it is better to stick to your original after rectifying your drawbacks. Preparation for civil Services demands right time-management. If there is something more valuables than time, it is 'Time' only. Therefore, instead of wasting the interlude between completion of prelims exam and its results, prepare at least one Optional, assuming that you would be successful in the exam. Then at the time for General Studies and the other Optional. At the same time, one of the criteria for selection for Civil Service is that how for a candidate succeeds in expressing himself through originality of thoughts; excellence and analytical presentation via effective writing. An in-depth study of the subject is desirable but there is a world of difference between "knowing all" and "effective presentation of requisite knowledge". Therefore, make constant efforts to develop your expressive power.
Keep your self-confidence intact while appearing for the Prelims and the Mains, then only you can attempt the Question Paper in a reasonably logical way. Select Questions after utmost thought and instead of making hurry in answering the questions, it is better to understand their true content.
In prelims, while it may be alright to answer objective questions on the basis of intelligent guesswork but in the Mains, logical and fact-based and to the point answer are desirable. In General Studies, if you do not know the answer to a particular question, it is risky to attempt it with guess work or on the basis of wrong information. While selection topics in the Essay Paper, always be careful that it should contain not only factual or informative data but there should also be analytical presentation. During interview, keep in view that no Training institute can improve your personality completely although some of these Institutes provide an avenue to be helpful through well-planned preparation and Group Discussions. During Interview, keep in mind that the members of the Board are more experienced than you; therefore, an attempt of focus your personality is to invite risk.
Whatever you are, keeping faith in yourself, have a balanced view of the questions put to you. Have faith in life and have positive outlook towards various developments; thereby you acquire the moral prop to face difficulties To sum up:- (No mater whether you take only a few steps, Go on your chosen path with positive state of mind, Your destination will reach you automatically: O grumbler with your forethought and planning, You can even change your destiny) you will find that a stone" thrown up with right intent could make a hole in the sky".
The first and foremost thing to decide while aspiring for Civil Services is the judicious choice subjects for the Prelims and the Mains. This is the most important and first step of your journey and should be accomplished most carefully as coming things hinge on it and a wrong decision may prove to be disastrous. Careful analysis of syllabus, previous years' papers, your calibre, requirement of subject (Visionary, Numerical, Theoretical), comfort level with the subject and past trends should be done. Advice from seniors and fellow candidates should also be sought. To avoid dithering in choice at later stage, initial deep thinking and consultations are a must. Having decided the subject, it is advisable to stick to your choice even if the perception of others about it is not favorable.
Preparation for General Studies can be done hand in hand while preparing for Optional papers. Good mix of study hours for General Studies and Optional makes study enjoyable and it becomes easy to sustain for long hours without losing interest and enthusiasm. Before Prelims result, one Optional can be exhaustively prepared so as to have an edge during study for the Mains and also to ease out burden during these busy days.
General Studies, though does not have any limits, yet syllabus as outlined by UPSC gives quite good understanding of the question paper. General tendency about General Studies paper is to devote much more time on unproductive readings which, in reality yields little returns. Concentrate on what is more probable, followed by probable, then less probable if time permits. Even if you do not cover less probable ones, you are not at much of loss. So, be secure and study systematically.
Being a regular reader of newspapers n magazines gives good command and writing skill, hence, this should be made a habit. Trend now-a-days has shifted more towards current issues, hence a thorough awareness of recent happenings is mandatory. one you achieve the threshold in General Studies, more efforts should be put on Optional (Especially in Prelims) as it is more scoring and is the hub of success.
For Mains, syllabus is quite beautifully elaborated and we know beforehand the study topics. Ready reference material as published in some magazines is of great help. I believe that the preamble of UPSC Question Paper are the instructions on the front page of the paper. Give some time in reading the instructions and follow them. By doing this, you are averting a possible source of error which could creep in if you do not read them.
Follow the world-limit as prescribed at the end of the question to the extent possible. Try to confine your answer within that limit, never exceed it. The art to express many contrasting views in a confined word space comes through practice, so practise some previous years' question papers. Be your own while writing, never try to imitate anybody. Your expression needs try to be limited yet comprehensive while writing General Studies paper. In Essay paper, your imagination can reach zenith but with a purpose, never divert from the main topic. To ensure, work out the sub-titles, rearrange them if necessary and once you are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate on this outline after wards.
There is no standard word-limit yet. What one can effectively write in 3-hour duration is good enough length. My essay consisted of approx 2500 words. Conclusion should be drawn only at the end, take a balanced approach and write whatever good comes to your mind at the end, take a balanced approach and write what ever good comes to your mind at the moment. Devote initial 40-46 minutes on preparing rough outline. Next 2 hours for writing inflow and last 15-20 minuets for review and corrections.
In addition to Competition Success Review and standard books, I studied History Polity of Spectrum Series books, Economics, Science & Technology and Geography through MnM Series books which I found quite useful.
"How to write an answer" is equally vital for Optional paper as it is for General Studies & Essay. Students sometimes ignore basics and it costs much. Before proceeding, state all the assumptions involve and try to give minutes plausible details, adopt step0by-step approach, see that no vital step is left in between, as these steps are the links and missing or weak links can never ensure good strength of the answer, so be careful about it. All this sequential and systematic answering comes through a lot of practice and analysis of standard answers. Simulate the actual examination hours at home to judge your performance and to plug any loopholes.
For the Personality Test one should better form a group of 3-4 people as the preparation for Interview cannot be done in isolation. All would agree that personality is a life-time asset and expecting miraculous alterations in personality in a span of a few days or weeks is not possible. Yet, efforts can be made to overcome major deficiency and polish p views and opinions. Remember, no one is omniscient and non-awareness of something should be admitted with politeness. Only those people learn who have urge to change are willing to accept new ideologies. If at any point of time, you could show that your approach is flexible an amenable the world is yours. It is better to say 'No' than to bluff around. Those interviewing are highly experienced persons and know much better than us, therefore one should be expressed only if asked so, never start giving history of an issue, unless asked to do so. Of the question put is not clear t you, politely ask for more information. It is not the factual knowledge but your views which are on test. Always observe interview etiquette and be honest, polite, convincing an modest. Arrogance, rigidity, flicking round the issue should be avoided.
A lot depends upon the Almighty, so pray often. Be self confident but not complacent, honest, motivated, have patience and be optimistic. Work hard as there is no short-cut to success and hard work never goes unrewarded. I would like to quote Swami Vivekanand (often my eldest brother reminds me of it): Arise awake and rest not till the goal is achieved. There are many ups and downs during the course. It is the 'downs' which need to be tackled more vigorously and skillfully, it is when a person's qualities are on test and they emerge as winners who have these qualities.
I have read somewhere that winners are those who manage their hardships effectively and do learn from our mistakes makes us successful. Never feel depressed, self confidence and inner strength are the two basic requirements for anybody to appear in this examination. Believe in yourself. You are your own best judge and you know which areas are weak and need reinforcement.
Profound Faith In God, Strong Will Power and Dogged Pursuit Do Bear Fruit -Ms. Manju Rajpal, IAS Topper Among Women 2000
"Winners don't do different things, but they do the things differently" - these lines appearing in the Preface of Shiv Khera's Book "You Can With" touch the very fathom of success or failure in life. There are no roses always strewn on the path of those moving towards their goal in life; instead the thorns in the way is the biggest truth of life. I never agree with those who think failure s synonymous with lick. Every sweat of your brow through hard work bears the splendour of your bright career and this ensures your Golden Tomorrow. Those who keep faith in their capabilities, shape their future with their own deeds. We have t take exam/test at every step f life. Therefore, whether it is a competitive exam or a sundry struggle in day-to-day life, till you have the high aim of standing first or coming out victorious therein, the pinnacle of success remains a distance dream.
The first step towards success is to choose your goal honestly and thereafter to make dedicated efforts backed by strong determination t achieve it. By honesty, I mean that incases you are selecting Civil Services s your career, the first quest ion that you should put to yourself is: Whether you want to become the same of which you are making efforts. It is very easy to inherit a dream, an aspiration or a goal but to muster courage to convert it into reality is surely a difficult task. Therefore, if father desires, mother has a dream or it is a pressure from your social circle or family that you have to be a shining star in the firmament of civil Services but you are planning, for your job satisfaction, quite a different a career for you, my advice to you would be to reconsider your decision for making Civil Services as your goal. If the decision to join Civil Services is your own, then assess your suitability in the context of your capabilities to see whether you passes the requisite self-confidence, dedicated efforts, strong determination and commitment; the reason being that the lack of constant and hardwork leading to initial setback or failure to achieve the desired success engulfs the whole personality into darkness.
If your decision is backed by an honest assessment of positive aspect of your capacity or capability, then proceed towards your goal in right direction and, believe me no obstacle on the way can ever waver you from your path. By right direction; I mean that if you want to ensure your success in Civil Services, then it is desirable to make a right selection of study material. I have seen many candidates studying a lot which is hardly necessary. Therefore, don't waste your energy. Take a decision on the basis of the nature of your Optionals whether extensive or intensive study is required. Always use authentic and dependable study material brought out by standard publishers.
You must be quite serious in the selection of your subjects. Some subjects are considered scoring and that the chances of success therein are rated quite high. This is a wrong method of subject-selection. Subject-selection should be always based on your interest in the subject, availability of study material and your ability to understand the nature of the subject as a first reaction, better evaluate your deficiencies in the subject and try to remove them. In my opinion, keeping in view the moral disequilibrium and fall in performance level as a result of such frequent change of subjects, it is better to stick to your original after rectifying your drawbacks. Preparation for civil Services demands right time-management. If there is something more valuables than time, it is 'Time' only. Therefore, instead of wasting the interlude between completion of prelims exam and its results, prepare at least one Optional, assuming that you would be successful in the exam. Then at the time for General Studies and the other Optional. At the same time, one of the criteria for selection for Civil Service is that how for a candidate succeeds in expressing himself through originality of thoughts; excellence and analytical presentation via effective writing. An in-depth study of the subject is desirable but there is a world of difference between "knowing all" and "effective presentation of requisite knowledge". Therefore, make constant efforts to develop your expressive power.
Keep your self-confidence intact while appearing for the Prelims and the Mains, then only you can attempt the Question Paper in a reasonably logical way. Select Questions after utmost thought and instead of making hurry in answering the questions, it is better to understand their true content.
In prelims, while it may be alright to answer objective questions on the basis of intelligent guesswork but in the Mains, logical and fact-based and to the point answer are desirable. In General Studies, if you do not know the answer to a particular question, it is risky to attempt it with guess work or on the basis of wrong information. While selection topics in the Essay Paper, always be careful that it should contain not only factual or informative data but there should also be analytical presentation. During interview, keep in view that no Training institute can improve your personality completely although some of these Institutes provide an avenue to be helpful through well-planned preparation and Group Discussions. During Interview, keep in mind that the members of the Board are more experienced than you; therefore, an attempt of focus your personality is to invite risk.
Whatever you are, keeping faith in yourself, have a balanced view of the questions put to you. Have faith in life and have positive outlook towards various developments; thereby you acquire the moral prop to face difficulties To sum up:- (No mater whether you take only a few steps, Go on your chosen path with positive state of mind, Your destination will reach you automatically: O grumbler with your forethought and planning, You can even change your destiny) you will find that a stone" thrown up with right intent could make a hole in the sky".
Sunday, January 10, 2010
Sports
Dronacharya Award
Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 to honour eminent coaches who have done outstanding and meritorious 'work on consistent basis, to motivate them to dedicate themselves with a singularity of purpose for raising the standards of sportspersons to highest performance in international events and bring glory to the country. The award is given to those who have produced outstanding achievements consistently during three years preceding the Award. Those who have contributed their life time to sports and sports promotion are also considered for this award. During the year 1995-96, this Award was given to Md. Ilyas Babar for his contribution to the discipline of Athletics. Every awardee is given a cash prize of Rs. 75,000/ alongwith a bronze statue of Dronacharya, a scroll, a suit, a blazer and a tie.
List of Dronacharya Award recipients
S.No. Year Name of the Sportsperson(s) Sport Discipline
01 1985 O.M. Nambiar
Athletics
02 1985 Om Prakash Bhardwaj
Boxing
03 1985 Bhalchandra Bhaskar Bhagwat
Wrestling
04 1986 Raghunandan Vasant Gokhle
Chess
05 1986 Desh Prem Azad
Cricket
06 1987 Gurcharan Singh
Cricket
07 1987 Guru Hanuman
Wrestling
08 1990 Ramakant Achrekar
Cricket
09 1990 Syed Naeemuddin
Football
10 1990 A Ramana Rao
Volleyball
11 1994 Ilyas Babar
Athletics
12 1995 Karan Singh
Athletics
13 1995 M. Shyam Sunder Rao
Volleyball
14 1996 Wilson Jones
Billiards & Snooker
15 1996 Pal Singh Sandhu
Weightlifting
16 1997 Joginder Singh Saini
Athletics
17 1998 Bahadur Singh
Athletics
18 1998 Hargobind Singh Sandhu
Athletics
19 1998 G.S.Sandhu
Boxing
20 1999 Kenneth Owen Bosen
Athletics
21 1999 Capt. Hawa Singh
Boxing
22 1999 Ajay Kumar Sirohi
Weightlifting
23 2000 S.M. Arif
Badminton
24 2000 Gudial Singh Bhangu
Hockey
25 2000 Phadke Gopal Pushottam
Kho-Kho
26 2000 Bhupender Dhawan
Powerlifting
27 2000 Hansa Sharma
Weightlifting
28 2001 Prof. Sunny Thomas
Shooting
29 2001 Michael Joseph Ferreira
Billiards & Snooker
30 2002 Renu Kohli
Athletics
31 2002 Jaswant Singh
Athletics
32 2002 M.K. Kaushik
Hockey
33 2002 E. Prasad Rao
Kabaddi
34 2002 Cdr. H.D. Motivala
Yachting
35 2003 Robert Bobby George
Athletics
36 2003 Anup Kumar
Boxing
37 2003 Rajinder Singh
Hockey
38 2003 Sukhchain Singh Cheema
Wrestling
39 2004 Arvind Savur
Billiards & Snooker
40 2004 Sunita Sharma
Cricket
41 2004 Cyrus Poncha
Squash
42 2004 Gurcharan Singh
Boxing
43 2005 Hony. Captain M Venu
Boxing
44 2005 Balwan Singh
Kabaddi
45 2005 Maha Singh Rao
Wrestling
46 2005 Ismail Baig
Rowing
47 2006 R D Singh
Athletics
48 2006 Damodaran Chandralal
Boxing
49 2006 Koneru Ashok
Chess
50 2007 Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Archery
51 2007 Jagdish Singh
Boxing
52 2007 G.E. Sridharan
Volley Ball
53 2007 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling
54 2008 Sanjeeva Kumar Singh
Archery
55 2008 Jagdish Singh
Boxing
56 2008 G E Sridharan
Volleyball
57 2008 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling
58 2009 Pullela Gopichand
Badminton
59 2009 Satpal
Wrestling
60 2009 J. Uday Kumar
Kabaddi
61 2009 Baldev Singh
Hockey
62 2009 Jaidev Bisht
Boxing
The Arjuna awards were instituted in 1961 to recognize outstanding achievement in Indian sports. The award carries a cash prize of Rs 300,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll.
Arjun Awardees in Archery
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Krishna Das
2 1989 Shyam Lal
3 1991 Limba Ram
4 1992 Sanjeev Kumar Singh
5 2005 Tarundeep Rai
6 2005 Dola Banerjee
7 2006 Jayanta Talukdar
8 2009 Mangal Singh Champia
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Athletics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Gurbachan Singh Randhawa
2 1962 Tarlok Singh
3 1963 Stephie D'Souza
4 1964 Makhan Singh
5 1965 Kenneth Powell
6 1966 Ajmer Singh
7 1966 B. S. Barua
8 1967 Praveen Kumar
9 1967 Bhim Singh
10 1968 Joginder Singh
11 1968 Manjit Walia
12 1969 Harnek Singh
13 1970 Mohinder Singh Gill
14 1971 Edward Sequeira
15 1972 Vijay Singh Chauhan
16 1973 Sriram Singh
17 1974 T. C. Yohannan
18 1974 Shivnath Singh
19 1975 Hari Chand
20 1975 V. Anusuya Bai
21 1976 Bahadur Singh Chouhan
22 1976 Geeta Zutshi
23 1978-79 Suresh Babu
24 1978-79 Angel Mary Joseph
25 1979-80 R. Gyanasekaran
26 1980-81 Gopal Saini
27 1981 Sabir Ali
28 1982 Charles Borromeo
29 1982 Chand Ram
30 1982 M. D. Valsamma
31 1983 Suresh Yadav
32 1983 P. T. Usha
33 1984 Raj Kumar
34 1984 Shiny Abraham
35 1985 Raghubir Singh Bal
36 1985 Asha Agarwal
37 1985 Adille Sumariwala
38 1986 Suman Rawat
39 1987 Balwinder Singh
40 1987 Vandana Rao
41 1987 Bagicha Singh
42 1987 Vandana Shanbagh
43 1988 Ashwini Nachappa
44 1989 Mercy Kuttan
45 1990 Deena Ram
46 1992 Bahadur Prasad
47 1993 K. Saramma
48 1994 Rosa Kutty
49 1995 Shakti Singh
50 1995 Jyotirmoyee Sikdar
51 1996 Ajit Bhaduria
52 1996 Padmini Thomas
53 1997 Reeth Abraham
54 1998 Sirichand Ram
55 1998 Neelam Jaswant Singh
56 1998 S. D. Eshan
57 1998 Rachita Mistry
58 1998 Paramjit Singh
59 1999 Gulab Chand
60 1999 Gurmit Kaur
61 1999 Parduman Singh
62 1999 Sunita Rani
63 2000 K. M. Beenamol
64 2000 Yadvendra Vashishta (PH)
65 2000 Vijay Bhalchandra Munishwar - Powerlifting (PH)
66 2000 Joginder Singh Bedi (PH) (For Life time Contribution)
67 2002 Anju Bobby George
68 2002 Saraswati Saha
69 2003 Soma Biswas
70 2003 Madhuri Saxena
71 2004 Anil Kumar
72 2004 J. J. Shobha
73 2004 Devendra Jhajharia (Physically Challenged)
74 2005 Manjit Kaur
75 2005 Rajinder Singh Rahelu (Physically Challenged)
76 2006 K. M. Binu
77 2007 Chitra K. Soman
78 2009 Sinimol Paulose
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Nandu Natekar
2 1962 Meena Shah
3 1965 Dinesh Khanna
4 1967 Suresh Goel
5 1969 Dipu Ghosh
6 1970 D. V. Tambay
7 1971 S. Moorthy
8 1972 Prakash Padukone
9 1974 Raman Ghosh
10 1975 Davinder Ahuja
11 1976 Ami Ghia
12 1977-78 Ms. K.T. Singh
13 1980-81 Syed Modi
14 1982 P. Ganguli
15 1982 Madhumita Bisht
16 1991 Rajeev Bagga
17 2000 Pullela Gopichand
18 1999 George Thomas
19 2003 Madasu Srinivas Rao (Physically Challenged)
20 2004 Abhinn Shyam Gupta
21 2005 Aparna Popat
22 2006 Chetan Anand
23 2006 Rohit Bhakar (Physically Challenged)
24 2008 Anup Sridhar
25 2009 Saina Nehwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Ball Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 J. Pitchyya
2 1972 Ms. J. Srinivasan
3 1973 A. Kareem
4 1975 L.A. Iqbal
5 1976 A. Sam Christ Das
6 1984 D. Rajaraman
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Basketball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Sarbjit Singh
2 1967 Khushi Ram
3 1968 Gurdial Singh
4 1969 Hav. Hari Dutt
5 1970 Gulam Abbas Moontasir
6 1971 Man Mohan Singh
7 1973 S. K. Kataria
8 1974 A.K. Punj
9 1975 Hanuman Singh
10 1977-78 T. Vijayaraghawan
11 1979-80 Om Prakash
12 1982 Ajmer Singh
13 1991 Radhey Shyam
14 1991 Ms. S Sharma
15 1999 Sajjan Singh Cheema
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Billiards & Snooker
No Year Recipient Name
1 2002 Alok Kumar
2 2003 Pankaj Advani
3 2005 Anuja Prakash Thakur
4 1983 Subhash Agarwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Boxing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 L. Buddy D' Souza
2 1962 Hav. P. Badadur Mal
3 1966 Hawa Singh
4 1968 Hav. Dennis Swamy
5 1971 Hav. Muniswamy Venu
6 1972 Hav. Chandranarayanan
7 1973 Hav. Mehatab Singh
8 1977-78 B.S. Thapa
9 1978-79 C.C. Machaiah
10 1979-80 B. Singh
11 1980-81 Issac Amaldas
12 1981 Hav. G. Manoharan
13 1982 Hav. Kaur Singh
14 1983 Jas Lal Pradhan
15 1986 Jai Pal Singh
16 1987 Seeva Jayaram
17 1989 Gopal Dewang
18 1991 D.S. Yadav
19 1992 Rajender Prasad
20 1993 Manoj Pingale
21 1993 Mukund Killekar
22 1995 V. Devarajan
23 1996 Raj Kumar Sangwan
24 1998 N.G. Dingko Singh
25 1999 Gurcharan Singh
26 1999 Jitender Kumar
27 2002 Md. Ali Qamar
28 2003 Ms. Mangte Chungneijang Marykom
29 2005 Akhil Kumar
30 2006 Vijender Kumar
31 2008 Verghese Johnson
32 2009 L. Sarita Devi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Carrom
No Year Recipient Name
1. 1996 A. Maria Irudayam
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Chess
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Manuel Aaron
2 1980-81 Rohini Khadilkar
3 1983 Dibyendu Barua
4 1984 Pravin Thipsay
5 1985 Vishwanathan Anand
6 1987 D. V. Prasad
7 1987 Bhagyashree Thipsay
8 1990 Anupama Gokhale
9 2000 Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi
10 2002 Krishnan Sasikiran
11 2003 Koneru Humpy
12 2005 Surya Shekhar Ganguly
13 2006 Pentyala Harikrishna
14 2008 Dronavalli Harika
15 2009 Tania Sachdev
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cricket
Sachin Tendulkar
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Saleem Durani
2 1964 Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi
3 1965 Vijay Manjrekar
4 1966 Chandu Borde
5 1967 Ajit Wadekar
6 1968 E.A.S. Prasanna
7 1969 Bishan Singh Bedi
8 1970 Dilip Sardesai
9 1971 Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan
10 1972 Eknath Solkar
11 1972 B.S. Chandrashekhar
12 1975 Sunil Gavaskar
13 1976 Shanta Rangaswamy
14 1977-78 Gundappa Vishwanath
15 1979-80 Kapil Dev Nikhanj
16 1980-81 Chetan Chauhan
17 1980-81 Syed Kirmani
18 1981 Dilip Vengsarkar
19 1982 Mohinder Amarnath
20 1983 Diana Edulji
21 1984 Ravi Shastri
22 1985 Shubhangi Kulkarni
23 1986 Mohammad Azharuddin
24 1986 Sandhya Agarwal
25 1989 Madan Lal
26 1993 Manoj Prabhakar
27 1993 Kiran More
28 1994 Sachin Tendulkar
29 1995 Anil Kumble
30 1996 Javagal Srinath
31 1997 Ajay Jadeja
32 1997 Sourav Ganguly
33 1998 Rahul Dravid
34 1998 Nayan Mongia
35 2000 B.K. Venkatesh Prasad
36 2002 Virender Sehwag
37 2003 Harbhajan Singh
38 2003 Mithali Raj
39 2005 Anju Jain
40 2006 Anjum Chopra
41 2009 Gautam Gambhir
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cycling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1975 Amar Singh
2 1978-79 Ms. M. Mahapatra
3 1983 A.R. Arthna
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Equestrian
No Year Recipient Name
1 1973 Dafadar Khan M. Khan
2 1976 Lt. Col. H.S. Sodhi
3 1982 Maj. R. Singh Brar
4 1982 Raghubir Singh (Equestrian)
5 1984 Capt. G. Mohd. Khan
6 1987 Maj. J.S. Ahluwalia
7 1991 Capt. Adhiraj Singh
8 2003 Capt. Rajesh Pattu
9 2004 Maj. Deep Kumar Ahlawat
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Football
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 P. K. Banerjee
2 1962 Tulsidas Balaram
3 1963 Chuni Goswami
4 1964 Jarnail Singh
5 1965 Arun Lal Ghosh
6 1966 Yusuf Khan
7 1967 Peter Thangaraj
8 1969 Inder Singh
9 1970 Syed Naeemuddin
10 1971 C. P. Singh
11 1973 Magan Singh
12 1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gill
13 1979-80 Prasun Banerjee
14 1980-81 Mohammed Habib
15 1981 Sudhir Karmakar
16 1983 Shanti Mullick
17 1989 S. Bhattacharjee
18 1997 Brahmanand Sankhwalkar
19 1998 Baichung Bhutia
20 2002 I. M. Vijayan
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Golf
No Year Recipient Name
1 1999 Chiranjeev Milkha Singh (Jeev Milkha Singh)
2 2002 Shiv Kapur
3 2004 Jyotinder Singh Randhawa (Jyoti Randhawa)
4 2007 Arjun Atwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Gymnastics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Shyam Lal
2 1975 Montu Debnath
3 1985 Ms. S. Sharma
4 1989 Ms. Krupali Patel
5 2000 Dr. (Ms.) Kalpna Debnath
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Hockey
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Prithipal Singh
2 1961 N. Lumsden
3 1963 Charanjit Singh
4 1964 S. Laxman
5 1965 Udham Singh
6 1965 E. Britto
7 1966 V. J. Peter
8 1966 Sunita Puri
9 1966 Gurbaksh Singh
10 1967 Harbinder Singh
11 1967 Mohinder Lal
12 1968 Balbir Singh Kular
13 1970 Ajit Pal Singh
14 1971 P. Krishnamurthy
15 1972 Michael Kindo
16 1973 M. P. Ganesh
17 1973 O. Mascarenhas
18 1974 Ashok Kumar
19 1974 A. Kaur
20 1975 B. P. Govinda
21 1975 R. Saini
22 1977-78 Capt. Harcharan Singh
23 1977-78 L. L. Fernandes
24 1979-80 Vasudevan Baskaran
25 1979-80 R. B. Mundphan
26 1980-81 Mohammed Shahid
27 1980-81 Eliza Nelson
28 1981 Versha Soni
29 1983 Zafar Iqbal
30 1984 Rajbir Kaur
31 1984 S. Maney
32 1985 Prem Maya Sonir
33 1985 M. M. Somaya
34 1986 J.M. Carvalho
35 1988 M. P. Singh
36 1989 Pargat Singh
37 1990 Jagbir Singh
38 1992 Mervyn Fernandes
39 1994 Jude Felix Sabastain
40 1995 Dhanraj Pillai
41 1995 Mukesh Kumar
42 1996 A. B. Subbaiah
43 1996 Ashish Kumar Ballal
44 1997 Harmik Singh
45 1997 Surinder Singh Sodhi
46 1997 Rajinder Singh
47 1998 S. Surjit Singh
48 1998 Pritam Rani Siwach
49 1998 B. S. Dhillon
50 1998 S. Omana Kumari
51 1998 Mohammed Riaz
52 1998 Baldev Singh
53 1998 Maharaj Krishna Kaushik
54 1999 Balbir Singh Kullar
55 1998 Lt. Col. Haripal Kaushik
56 1998 Ramandeep Singh
57 1998 V. J. Phillips
58 2000 Baljeet Singh Saini
59 2000 Tingonleima Chanu
60 2000 Gp. Capt. R. S. Bhola
61 2000 Balkishan Singh
62 2000 Jalaluddin Rizvi
63 2000 Madhu Yadav
64 2002 Dilip Tirkey
65 2002 Gagan Ajit Singh
66 2002 Mamta Kharab
67 2003 Devesh Chauhan
68 2003 Suraj Lata Devi
69 2004 Deepak Thakur
70 2004 Innocent Helen Mary
71 2005 Viren Rasquinha
72 2006 Jyoti Sunita Kullu
73 2008 Prabhjot Singh
74 2009 Surinder Kaur
75 2009 Ignace Tirkey
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Judo
No Year Recipient Name
1 1992 Sandeep Byala
2 1993 Cawas Billimoria
3 1996 Ms. Poonam Chopra
4 1998 Narender Singh
5 2003 Akram Shah
6 2004 Ms. Angom Anita Chanu
7 2007 Ms. Tombi Devi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Kabaddi
No Year Recipient Name
1 1998 Ashan Kumar
2 1998 Biswajit Palit
3 1999 Balwinder Singh
4 1999 Tirath Raj
5 2000 C. Homonappa
6 2002 Ram Mehar Singh
7 2003 Sanjeev Kumar
8 2004 Sunder Singh
9 2005 Ramesh Kumar
10 2006 Naveen Gautam
11 2008 Pankaj Navnath Shrisat
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Lawn Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Ramanathan Krishnan
2 1962 Naresh Kumar
3 1966 Jaidip Mukerjea
4 1967 Premjit Lall
5 1974 Vijay Amritraj
6 1978-79 Nirupama Mankad
7 1980-81 Ramesh Krishnan
8 1985 Anand Amritraj
9 1990 Leander Paes
10 1995 Mahesh Bhupathi
11 1996 Gaurav Natekar
12 1997 Asif Ismail
13 2000 Akhtar Ali
14 2004 Sania Mirza
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Rowing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Maj. Parveen Oberoy
2 1984 Capt. M.A. Naik
3 1991 Naib Subedar Dalvir Singh
4 1994 Major R.S. Bhanwala
5 1996 Surender Singh Waldia
6 1999 Jagjit Singh
7 2000 Surender Singh Kanwasi
8 2004 Jenil Krishnan
9 2008 Bajrang lal Thakkar
10 2009 Satish Joshi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Shooting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Karni Singh
2 1968 Rajyashree Kumari
3 1969 Bhuvaneshwari Kumari
4 1971 Bhim Singh
5 1972 Udyan Chinubhai
6 1978-79 Randhir Singh
7 1981 S. P. Chauhan
8 1983 Mohinder Lal
9 1983 Soma Dutta
10 1985 A. J. Pandit
11 1986 Bhagirath Samai
12 1993 Mansher Singh
13 1994 Jaspal Rana
14 1996 Moraad A. Khan
15 1997 Satendra Kumar
16 1997 Shilpi Singh
17 1998 Manavjit Singh
18 1998 Roopa Unnikrishnan
19 1999 Vivek Singh
20 2000 Anjali Vedpathak Bhagwat
21 2000 Abhinav Bindra
22 2000 Gurbir Singh
23 2002 Anwer Sultan
24 2002 Suma Shirur
25 2003 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
26 2004 Deepali A. Deshpande
27 2005 Gagan Narang
28 2006 Vijay Kumar
29 2008 Avneet Kaur Sidhu
30 2009 Ronjan Sodhi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Squash
No Year Recipient Name
1 2006 Sourav Ghosal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Swimming
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Jam. Bajarangi Prasad
2 1966 Rima Datta
3 1967 Arun Shaw
4 1969 Baidyanath Nath
5 1971 Bhanwar Singh
6 1973 D. (Tingoo) Khatau
7 1974 A.B. Sarang
8 1974 Manjari Bhargava (diving)
9 1975 M.S. Rana
10 1975 Smita Desai
11 1982 Persis Madan
12 1983 Anita Sood
13 1984 Khajan Singh
14 1988 Wilson Cherian
15 1990 Bula Choudhury
16 1996 V. Kutraleeshwaran
17 1998 Bhanu Sachdeva
18 1999 Nisha Millet
19 2000 Sebastian Xavier
20 2000 J. Abhijith
21 2005 Shikha Tandon
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Table Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 J.C. Vohra
2 1965 G. R. Deewan
3 1966 U. Sundararaj
4 1967 F. R. Khodaiji
5 1969 Mir Kasim Ali
6 1970 G. Jagannath
7 1971 K. F. Khodaiji
8 1973 N. R. Bajaj
9 1976 S. Shailja
10 1979-80 Indu Puri
11 1980-81 Manjit Dua
12 1982 V. Chandrasekhar
13 1985 Kamlesh Mehta
14 1987 Monalisa Barua
15 1989 Niyati Shah
16 1990 M. S. Walia
17 1997 Chetan Baboor
18 1998 Subramaniam Raman
19 2002 Mantu Ghosh
20 2004 Achanta Sharath Kamal
21 2005 Soumyadeep Roy
22 2006 Subhajit Saha
23 2009 Poulomi Ghatak
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Volleyball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A. Palanisamy
2 1962 Nripjit Singh
3 1972 Balwant Singh "Ballu"
4 1973 G.M. Reddy
5 1974 M.S. Rao
6 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh
7 1975 K.C. Elamma
8 1976 Jimmy George
9 1977-78 A. Raman Rao
10 1978-79 Kutty Krishnan
11 1979-80 S.K. Mishra
12 1982 G.E. Sridharan
13 1983 R.K. Purohit
14 1984 Saley Joseph
15 1986 Cyril C. Vallor
16 1989 Abdul Basith
17 1990 Dalel Singh Ror
18 1991 K. Udaya Kumar
19 1999 Sukhpal Singh
20 2000 P.V. Ramana
21 2002 Ravikant Reddy
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Weightlifting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A.N. Ghosh
2 1962 L.K. Dass
3 1963 K.E. Rao
4 1965 B.S. Bhatia
5 1966 Mohan Lal Ghosh
6 1967 S. John Gabriel
7 1970 Arun Kumar Dass
8 1971 S.L. Salwan
9 1972 Anil Kumar Mandal
10 1974 S. Vellaiswamy
11 1975 Dalbir Singh
12 1976 K. Balamuruganandam
13 1977-78 M.T. Selvan
14 1978-79 E. Karaunakaran
15 1981 B.K. Satpathy
16 1982 Tara Singh
17 1983 Vispy K. Daroga
18 1985 Mehar Chand Bhaskar
19 1986 Jag Mohan Sapra
20 1987 G. Devan
21 1989 Jyotsna Dutta
22 1990 R. Chandra
23 1990 N. Kunjarani
24 1991 Chhaya Adak
25 1993 Bharati Singh
26 1994 K. Malleswari
27 1997 Paramjit Sharma
28 1997 N. Laxmi
29 1998 Satheesha Rai
30 1999 Dalbir Singh
31 2000 Sanamacha Chanu Thingbaijan
32 2002 Thandava Murthy Muthu
33 2006 Geeta Rani
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Wrestling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Hav. Udey Chanf
2 1962 Malwa
3 1963 G. Andalkar
4 1964 Bishamber Singh
5 1966 Bhim Singh
6 1967 Mukhtiar Singh
7 1969 Master Chandgi Ram (Indian style wrestling)
8 1970 Sudesh Kumar
9 1972 Prem Nath
10 1973 Jagroop Singh
11 1974 Satpal
12 1978-79 Rajinder Singh
13 1980-81 Jagminder Singh
14 1982 Kartar Singh
15 1985 Mahabir Singh
16 1987 Subhash
17 1988 Rajesh Kumar
18 1989 Satywan
19 1990 Ombir Singh
20 1992 Pappu Yadav
21 1993 Ashok Kumar
22 1997 Jagdish Singh
23 1997 Sanjay Kumar
24 1998 Kaka Pawar
25 1998 Rohtas Singh Dahiya
26 1999 Ashok Kumar
27 2000 Randhir Singh
28 2000 Kripa Shakar Patel
29 2000 K.D. Jadhav (Posthumously)
30 2000 Naresh Kumar
31 2002 Palwinder Singh Cheema
32 2002 Sujeet Mann
33 2003 Shokhinder Tomar
34 2004 Anuj Kumar
35 2005 Sushil Kumar
36 2006 Geetika Jakhar
37 2008 Alka Tomar
38 2009 Yogeshwar Dutt
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Yachting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 Lt. Cdr. S. J. Contractor
2 1973 Afsar Hussain
3 1978-79 Cdr. S. K. Mongia
4 1981 Zarir Karanjia
5 1982 Farokh Tarapore
6 1982 Fali Unwalla
7 1982 Jeeja Unwalla
8 1986 Lt. Dhruv Bhandari
9 1987 C. S. Pradipak
10 1990 P. K. Garg
11 1993 Cdr. Homi Motiwala
12 1996 Lt. Cdr. Kelly Subbanand Rao (Posthumously)
13 1999 Aashim Mongia
14 2002 Nitin Mongia
15 2009 Girdhari Lal Yadav
Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 to honour eminent coaches who have done outstanding and meritorious 'work on consistent basis, to motivate them to dedicate themselves with a singularity of purpose for raising the standards of sportspersons to highest performance in international events and bring glory to the country. The award is given to those who have produced outstanding achievements consistently during three years preceding the Award. Those who have contributed their life time to sports and sports promotion are also considered for this award. During the year 1995-96, this Award was given to Md. Ilyas Babar for his contribution to the discipline of Athletics. Every awardee is given a cash prize of Rs. 75,000/ alongwith a bronze statue of Dronacharya, a scroll, a suit, a blazer and a tie.
List of Dronacharya Award recipients
S.No. Year Name of the Sportsperson(s) Sport Discipline
01 1985 O.M. Nambiar
Athletics
02 1985 Om Prakash Bhardwaj
Boxing
03 1985 Bhalchandra Bhaskar Bhagwat
Wrestling
04 1986 Raghunandan Vasant Gokhle
Chess
05 1986 Desh Prem Azad
Cricket
06 1987 Gurcharan Singh
Cricket
07 1987 Guru Hanuman
Wrestling
08 1990 Ramakant Achrekar
Cricket
09 1990 Syed Naeemuddin
Football
10 1990 A Ramana Rao
Volleyball
11 1994 Ilyas Babar
Athletics
12 1995 Karan Singh
Athletics
13 1995 M. Shyam Sunder Rao
Volleyball
14 1996 Wilson Jones
Billiards & Snooker
15 1996 Pal Singh Sandhu
Weightlifting
16 1997 Joginder Singh Saini
Athletics
17 1998 Bahadur Singh
Athletics
18 1998 Hargobind Singh Sandhu
Athletics
19 1998 G.S.Sandhu
Boxing
20 1999 Kenneth Owen Bosen
Athletics
21 1999 Capt. Hawa Singh
Boxing
22 1999 Ajay Kumar Sirohi
Weightlifting
23 2000 S.M. Arif
Badminton
24 2000 Gudial Singh Bhangu
Hockey
25 2000 Phadke Gopal Pushottam
Kho-Kho
26 2000 Bhupender Dhawan
Powerlifting
27 2000 Hansa Sharma
Weightlifting
28 2001 Prof. Sunny Thomas
Shooting
29 2001 Michael Joseph Ferreira
Billiards & Snooker
30 2002 Renu Kohli
Athletics
31 2002 Jaswant Singh
Athletics
32 2002 M.K. Kaushik
Hockey
33 2002 E. Prasad Rao
Kabaddi
34 2002 Cdr. H.D. Motivala
Yachting
35 2003 Robert Bobby George
Athletics
36 2003 Anup Kumar
Boxing
37 2003 Rajinder Singh
Hockey
38 2003 Sukhchain Singh Cheema
Wrestling
39 2004 Arvind Savur
Billiards & Snooker
40 2004 Sunita Sharma
Cricket
41 2004 Cyrus Poncha
Squash
42 2004 Gurcharan Singh
Boxing
43 2005 Hony. Captain M Venu
Boxing
44 2005 Balwan Singh
Kabaddi
45 2005 Maha Singh Rao
Wrestling
46 2005 Ismail Baig
Rowing
47 2006 R D Singh
Athletics
48 2006 Damodaran Chandralal
Boxing
49 2006 Koneru Ashok
Chess
50 2007 Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Archery
51 2007 Jagdish Singh
Boxing
52 2007 G.E. Sridharan
Volley Ball
53 2007 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling
54 2008 Sanjeeva Kumar Singh
Archery
55 2008 Jagdish Singh
Boxing
56 2008 G E Sridharan
Volleyball
57 2008 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling
58 2009 Pullela Gopichand
Badminton
59 2009 Satpal
Wrestling
60 2009 J. Uday Kumar
Kabaddi
61 2009 Baldev Singh
Hockey
62 2009 Jaidev Bisht
Boxing
The Arjuna awards were instituted in 1961 to recognize outstanding achievement in Indian sports. The award carries a cash prize of Rs 300,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll.
Arjun Awardees in Archery
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Krishna Das
2 1989 Shyam Lal
3 1991 Limba Ram
4 1992 Sanjeev Kumar Singh
5 2005 Tarundeep Rai
6 2005 Dola Banerjee
7 2006 Jayanta Talukdar
8 2009 Mangal Singh Champia
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Athletics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Gurbachan Singh Randhawa
2 1962 Tarlok Singh
3 1963 Stephie D'Souza
4 1964 Makhan Singh
5 1965 Kenneth Powell
6 1966 Ajmer Singh
7 1966 B. S. Barua
8 1967 Praveen Kumar
9 1967 Bhim Singh
10 1968 Joginder Singh
11 1968 Manjit Walia
12 1969 Harnek Singh
13 1970 Mohinder Singh Gill
14 1971 Edward Sequeira
15 1972 Vijay Singh Chauhan
16 1973 Sriram Singh
17 1974 T. C. Yohannan
18 1974 Shivnath Singh
19 1975 Hari Chand
20 1975 V. Anusuya Bai
21 1976 Bahadur Singh Chouhan
22 1976 Geeta Zutshi
23 1978-79 Suresh Babu
24 1978-79 Angel Mary Joseph
25 1979-80 R. Gyanasekaran
26 1980-81 Gopal Saini
27 1981 Sabir Ali
28 1982 Charles Borromeo
29 1982 Chand Ram
30 1982 M. D. Valsamma
31 1983 Suresh Yadav
32 1983 P. T. Usha
33 1984 Raj Kumar
34 1984 Shiny Abraham
35 1985 Raghubir Singh Bal
36 1985 Asha Agarwal
37 1985 Adille Sumariwala
38 1986 Suman Rawat
39 1987 Balwinder Singh
40 1987 Vandana Rao
41 1987 Bagicha Singh
42 1987 Vandana Shanbagh
43 1988 Ashwini Nachappa
44 1989 Mercy Kuttan
45 1990 Deena Ram
46 1992 Bahadur Prasad
47 1993 K. Saramma
48 1994 Rosa Kutty
49 1995 Shakti Singh
50 1995 Jyotirmoyee Sikdar
51 1996 Ajit Bhaduria
52 1996 Padmini Thomas
53 1997 Reeth Abraham
54 1998 Sirichand Ram
55 1998 Neelam Jaswant Singh
56 1998 S. D. Eshan
57 1998 Rachita Mistry
58 1998 Paramjit Singh
59 1999 Gulab Chand
60 1999 Gurmit Kaur
61 1999 Parduman Singh
62 1999 Sunita Rani
63 2000 K. M. Beenamol
64 2000 Yadvendra Vashishta (PH)
65 2000 Vijay Bhalchandra Munishwar - Powerlifting (PH)
66 2000 Joginder Singh Bedi (PH) (For Life time Contribution)
67 2002 Anju Bobby George
68 2002 Saraswati Saha
69 2003 Soma Biswas
70 2003 Madhuri Saxena
71 2004 Anil Kumar
72 2004 J. J. Shobha
73 2004 Devendra Jhajharia (Physically Challenged)
74 2005 Manjit Kaur
75 2005 Rajinder Singh Rahelu (Physically Challenged)
76 2006 K. M. Binu
77 2007 Chitra K. Soman
78 2009 Sinimol Paulose
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Nandu Natekar
2 1962 Meena Shah
3 1965 Dinesh Khanna
4 1967 Suresh Goel
5 1969 Dipu Ghosh
6 1970 D. V. Tambay
7 1971 S. Moorthy
8 1972 Prakash Padukone
9 1974 Raman Ghosh
10 1975 Davinder Ahuja
11 1976 Ami Ghia
12 1977-78 Ms. K.T. Singh
13 1980-81 Syed Modi
14 1982 P. Ganguli
15 1982 Madhumita Bisht
16 1991 Rajeev Bagga
17 2000 Pullela Gopichand
18 1999 George Thomas
19 2003 Madasu Srinivas Rao (Physically Challenged)
20 2004 Abhinn Shyam Gupta
21 2005 Aparna Popat
22 2006 Chetan Anand
23 2006 Rohit Bhakar (Physically Challenged)
24 2008 Anup Sridhar
25 2009 Saina Nehwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Ball Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 J. Pitchyya
2 1972 Ms. J. Srinivasan
3 1973 A. Kareem
4 1975 L.A. Iqbal
5 1976 A. Sam Christ Das
6 1984 D. Rajaraman
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Basketball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Sarbjit Singh
2 1967 Khushi Ram
3 1968 Gurdial Singh
4 1969 Hav. Hari Dutt
5 1970 Gulam Abbas Moontasir
6 1971 Man Mohan Singh
7 1973 S. K. Kataria
8 1974 A.K. Punj
9 1975 Hanuman Singh
10 1977-78 T. Vijayaraghawan
11 1979-80 Om Prakash
12 1982 Ajmer Singh
13 1991 Radhey Shyam
14 1991 Ms. S Sharma
15 1999 Sajjan Singh Cheema
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Billiards & Snooker
No Year Recipient Name
1 2002 Alok Kumar
2 2003 Pankaj Advani
3 2005 Anuja Prakash Thakur
4 1983 Subhash Agarwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Boxing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 L. Buddy D' Souza
2 1962 Hav. P. Badadur Mal
3 1966 Hawa Singh
4 1968 Hav. Dennis Swamy
5 1971 Hav. Muniswamy Venu
6 1972 Hav. Chandranarayanan
7 1973 Hav. Mehatab Singh
8 1977-78 B.S. Thapa
9 1978-79 C.C. Machaiah
10 1979-80 B. Singh
11 1980-81 Issac Amaldas
12 1981 Hav. G. Manoharan
13 1982 Hav. Kaur Singh
14 1983 Jas Lal Pradhan
15 1986 Jai Pal Singh
16 1987 Seeva Jayaram
17 1989 Gopal Dewang
18 1991 D.S. Yadav
19 1992 Rajender Prasad
20 1993 Manoj Pingale
21 1993 Mukund Killekar
22 1995 V. Devarajan
23 1996 Raj Kumar Sangwan
24 1998 N.G. Dingko Singh
25 1999 Gurcharan Singh
26 1999 Jitender Kumar
27 2002 Md. Ali Qamar
28 2003 Ms. Mangte Chungneijang Marykom
29 2005 Akhil Kumar
30 2006 Vijender Kumar
31 2008 Verghese Johnson
32 2009 L. Sarita Devi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Carrom
No Year Recipient Name
1. 1996 A. Maria Irudayam
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Chess
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Manuel Aaron
2 1980-81 Rohini Khadilkar
3 1983 Dibyendu Barua
4 1984 Pravin Thipsay
5 1985 Vishwanathan Anand
6 1987 D. V. Prasad
7 1987 Bhagyashree Thipsay
8 1990 Anupama Gokhale
9 2000 Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi
10 2002 Krishnan Sasikiran
11 2003 Koneru Humpy
12 2005 Surya Shekhar Ganguly
13 2006 Pentyala Harikrishna
14 2008 Dronavalli Harika
15 2009 Tania Sachdev
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cricket
Sachin Tendulkar
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Saleem Durani
2 1964 Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi
3 1965 Vijay Manjrekar
4 1966 Chandu Borde
5 1967 Ajit Wadekar
6 1968 E.A.S. Prasanna
7 1969 Bishan Singh Bedi
8 1970 Dilip Sardesai
9 1971 Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan
10 1972 Eknath Solkar
11 1972 B.S. Chandrashekhar
12 1975 Sunil Gavaskar
13 1976 Shanta Rangaswamy
14 1977-78 Gundappa Vishwanath
15 1979-80 Kapil Dev Nikhanj
16 1980-81 Chetan Chauhan
17 1980-81 Syed Kirmani
18 1981 Dilip Vengsarkar
19 1982 Mohinder Amarnath
20 1983 Diana Edulji
21 1984 Ravi Shastri
22 1985 Shubhangi Kulkarni
23 1986 Mohammad Azharuddin
24 1986 Sandhya Agarwal
25 1989 Madan Lal
26 1993 Manoj Prabhakar
27 1993 Kiran More
28 1994 Sachin Tendulkar
29 1995 Anil Kumble
30 1996 Javagal Srinath
31 1997 Ajay Jadeja
32 1997 Sourav Ganguly
33 1998 Rahul Dravid
34 1998 Nayan Mongia
35 2000 B.K. Venkatesh Prasad
36 2002 Virender Sehwag
37 2003 Harbhajan Singh
38 2003 Mithali Raj
39 2005 Anju Jain
40 2006 Anjum Chopra
41 2009 Gautam Gambhir
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cycling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1975 Amar Singh
2 1978-79 Ms. M. Mahapatra
3 1983 A.R. Arthna
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Equestrian
No Year Recipient Name
1 1973 Dafadar Khan M. Khan
2 1976 Lt. Col. H.S. Sodhi
3 1982 Maj. R. Singh Brar
4 1982 Raghubir Singh (Equestrian)
5 1984 Capt. G. Mohd. Khan
6 1987 Maj. J.S. Ahluwalia
7 1991 Capt. Adhiraj Singh
8 2003 Capt. Rajesh Pattu
9 2004 Maj. Deep Kumar Ahlawat
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Football
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 P. K. Banerjee
2 1962 Tulsidas Balaram
3 1963 Chuni Goswami
4 1964 Jarnail Singh
5 1965 Arun Lal Ghosh
6 1966 Yusuf Khan
7 1967 Peter Thangaraj
8 1969 Inder Singh
9 1970 Syed Naeemuddin
10 1971 C. P. Singh
11 1973 Magan Singh
12 1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gill
13 1979-80 Prasun Banerjee
14 1980-81 Mohammed Habib
15 1981 Sudhir Karmakar
16 1983 Shanti Mullick
17 1989 S. Bhattacharjee
18 1997 Brahmanand Sankhwalkar
19 1998 Baichung Bhutia
20 2002 I. M. Vijayan
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Golf
No Year Recipient Name
1 1999 Chiranjeev Milkha Singh (Jeev Milkha Singh)
2 2002 Shiv Kapur
3 2004 Jyotinder Singh Randhawa (Jyoti Randhawa)
4 2007 Arjun Atwal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Gymnastics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Shyam Lal
2 1975 Montu Debnath
3 1985 Ms. S. Sharma
4 1989 Ms. Krupali Patel
5 2000 Dr. (Ms.) Kalpna Debnath
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Hockey
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Prithipal Singh
2 1961 N. Lumsden
3 1963 Charanjit Singh
4 1964 S. Laxman
5 1965 Udham Singh
6 1965 E. Britto
7 1966 V. J. Peter
8 1966 Sunita Puri
9 1966 Gurbaksh Singh
10 1967 Harbinder Singh
11 1967 Mohinder Lal
12 1968 Balbir Singh Kular
13 1970 Ajit Pal Singh
14 1971 P. Krishnamurthy
15 1972 Michael Kindo
16 1973 M. P. Ganesh
17 1973 O. Mascarenhas
18 1974 Ashok Kumar
19 1974 A. Kaur
20 1975 B. P. Govinda
21 1975 R. Saini
22 1977-78 Capt. Harcharan Singh
23 1977-78 L. L. Fernandes
24 1979-80 Vasudevan Baskaran
25 1979-80 R. B. Mundphan
26 1980-81 Mohammed Shahid
27 1980-81 Eliza Nelson
28 1981 Versha Soni
29 1983 Zafar Iqbal
30 1984 Rajbir Kaur
31 1984 S. Maney
32 1985 Prem Maya Sonir
33 1985 M. M. Somaya
34 1986 J.M. Carvalho
35 1988 M. P. Singh
36 1989 Pargat Singh
37 1990 Jagbir Singh
38 1992 Mervyn Fernandes
39 1994 Jude Felix Sabastain
40 1995 Dhanraj Pillai
41 1995 Mukesh Kumar
42 1996 A. B. Subbaiah
43 1996 Ashish Kumar Ballal
44 1997 Harmik Singh
45 1997 Surinder Singh Sodhi
46 1997 Rajinder Singh
47 1998 S. Surjit Singh
48 1998 Pritam Rani Siwach
49 1998 B. S. Dhillon
50 1998 S. Omana Kumari
51 1998 Mohammed Riaz
52 1998 Baldev Singh
53 1998 Maharaj Krishna Kaushik
54 1999 Balbir Singh Kullar
55 1998 Lt. Col. Haripal Kaushik
56 1998 Ramandeep Singh
57 1998 V. J. Phillips
58 2000 Baljeet Singh Saini
59 2000 Tingonleima Chanu
60 2000 Gp. Capt. R. S. Bhola
61 2000 Balkishan Singh
62 2000 Jalaluddin Rizvi
63 2000 Madhu Yadav
64 2002 Dilip Tirkey
65 2002 Gagan Ajit Singh
66 2002 Mamta Kharab
67 2003 Devesh Chauhan
68 2003 Suraj Lata Devi
69 2004 Deepak Thakur
70 2004 Innocent Helen Mary
71 2005 Viren Rasquinha
72 2006 Jyoti Sunita Kullu
73 2008 Prabhjot Singh
74 2009 Surinder Kaur
75 2009 Ignace Tirkey
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Judo
No Year Recipient Name
1 1992 Sandeep Byala
2 1993 Cawas Billimoria
3 1996 Ms. Poonam Chopra
4 1998 Narender Singh
5 2003 Akram Shah
6 2004 Ms. Angom Anita Chanu
7 2007 Ms. Tombi Devi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Kabaddi
No Year Recipient Name
1 1998 Ashan Kumar
2 1998 Biswajit Palit
3 1999 Balwinder Singh
4 1999 Tirath Raj
5 2000 C. Homonappa
6 2002 Ram Mehar Singh
7 2003 Sanjeev Kumar
8 2004 Sunder Singh
9 2005 Ramesh Kumar
10 2006 Naveen Gautam
11 2008 Pankaj Navnath Shrisat
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Lawn Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Ramanathan Krishnan
2 1962 Naresh Kumar
3 1966 Jaidip Mukerjea
4 1967 Premjit Lall
5 1974 Vijay Amritraj
6 1978-79 Nirupama Mankad
7 1980-81 Ramesh Krishnan
8 1985 Anand Amritraj
9 1990 Leander Paes
10 1995 Mahesh Bhupathi
11 1996 Gaurav Natekar
12 1997 Asif Ismail
13 2000 Akhtar Ali
14 2004 Sania Mirza
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Rowing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Maj. Parveen Oberoy
2 1984 Capt. M.A. Naik
3 1991 Naib Subedar Dalvir Singh
4 1994 Major R.S. Bhanwala
5 1996 Surender Singh Waldia
6 1999 Jagjit Singh
7 2000 Surender Singh Kanwasi
8 2004 Jenil Krishnan
9 2008 Bajrang lal Thakkar
10 2009 Satish Joshi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Shooting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Karni Singh
2 1968 Rajyashree Kumari
3 1969 Bhuvaneshwari Kumari
4 1971 Bhim Singh
5 1972 Udyan Chinubhai
6 1978-79 Randhir Singh
7 1981 S. P. Chauhan
8 1983 Mohinder Lal
9 1983 Soma Dutta
10 1985 A. J. Pandit
11 1986 Bhagirath Samai
12 1993 Mansher Singh
13 1994 Jaspal Rana
14 1996 Moraad A. Khan
15 1997 Satendra Kumar
16 1997 Shilpi Singh
17 1998 Manavjit Singh
18 1998 Roopa Unnikrishnan
19 1999 Vivek Singh
20 2000 Anjali Vedpathak Bhagwat
21 2000 Abhinav Bindra
22 2000 Gurbir Singh
23 2002 Anwer Sultan
24 2002 Suma Shirur
25 2003 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
26 2004 Deepali A. Deshpande
27 2005 Gagan Narang
28 2006 Vijay Kumar
29 2008 Avneet Kaur Sidhu
30 2009 Ronjan Sodhi
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Squash
No Year Recipient Name
1 2006 Sourav Ghosal
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Swimming
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Jam. Bajarangi Prasad
2 1966 Rima Datta
3 1967 Arun Shaw
4 1969 Baidyanath Nath
5 1971 Bhanwar Singh
6 1973 D. (Tingoo) Khatau
7 1974 A.B. Sarang
8 1974 Manjari Bhargava (diving)
9 1975 M.S. Rana
10 1975 Smita Desai
11 1982 Persis Madan
12 1983 Anita Sood
13 1984 Khajan Singh
14 1988 Wilson Cherian
15 1990 Bula Choudhury
16 1996 V. Kutraleeshwaran
17 1998 Bhanu Sachdeva
18 1999 Nisha Millet
19 2000 Sebastian Xavier
20 2000 J. Abhijith
21 2005 Shikha Tandon
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Table Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 J.C. Vohra
2 1965 G. R. Deewan
3 1966 U. Sundararaj
4 1967 F. R. Khodaiji
5 1969 Mir Kasim Ali
6 1970 G. Jagannath
7 1971 K. F. Khodaiji
8 1973 N. R. Bajaj
9 1976 S. Shailja
10 1979-80 Indu Puri
11 1980-81 Manjit Dua
12 1982 V. Chandrasekhar
13 1985 Kamlesh Mehta
14 1987 Monalisa Barua
15 1989 Niyati Shah
16 1990 M. S. Walia
17 1997 Chetan Baboor
18 1998 Subramaniam Raman
19 2002 Mantu Ghosh
20 2004 Achanta Sharath Kamal
21 2005 Soumyadeep Roy
22 2006 Subhajit Saha
23 2009 Poulomi Ghatak
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Volleyball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A. Palanisamy
2 1962 Nripjit Singh
3 1972 Balwant Singh "Ballu"
4 1973 G.M. Reddy
5 1974 M.S. Rao
6 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh
7 1975 K.C. Elamma
8 1976 Jimmy George
9 1977-78 A. Raman Rao
10 1978-79 Kutty Krishnan
11 1979-80 S.K. Mishra
12 1982 G.E. Sridharan
13 1983 R.K. Purohit
14 1984 Saley Joseph
15 1986 Cyril C. Vallor
16 1989 Abdul Basith
17 1990 Dalel Singh Ror
18 1991 K. Udaya Kumar
19 1999 Sukhpal Singh
20 2000 P.V. Ramana
21 2002 Ravikant Reddy
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Weightlifting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A.N. Ghosh
2 1962 L.K. Dass
3 1963 K.E. Rao
4 1965 B.S. Bhatia
5 1966 Mohan Lal Ghosh
6 1967 S. John Gabriel
7 1970 Arun Kumar Dass
8 1971 S.L. Salwan
9 1972 Anil Kumar Mandal
10 1974 S. Vellaiswamy
11 1975 Dalbir Singh
12 1976 K. Balamuruganandam
13 1977-78 M.T. Selvan
14 1978-79 E. Karaunakaran
15 1981 B.K. Satpathy
16 1982 Tara Singh
17 1983 Vispy K. Daroga
18 1985 Mehar Chand Bhaskar
19 1986 Jag Mohan Sapra
20 1987 G. Devan
21 1989 Jyotsna Dutta
22 1990 R. Chandra
23 1990 N. Kunjarani
24 1991 Chhaya Adak
25 1993 Bharati Singh
26 1994 K. Malleswari
27 1997 Paramjit Sharma
28 1997 N. Laxmi
29 1998 Satheesha Rai
30 1999 Dalbir Singh
31 2000 Sanamacha Chanu Thingbaijan
32 2002 Thandava Murthy Muthu
33 2006 Geeta Rani
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Wrestling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Hav. Udey Chanf
2 1962 Malwa
3 1963 G. Andalkar
4 1964 Bishamber Singh
5 1966 Bhim Singh
6 1967 Mukhtiar Singh
7 1969 Master Chandgi Ram (Indian style wrestling)
8 1970 Sudesh Kumar
9 1972 Prem Nath
10 1973 Jagroop Singh
11 1974 Satpal
12 1978-79 Rajinder Singh
13 1980-81 Jagminder Singh
14 1982 Kartar Singh
15 1985 Mahabir Singh
16 1987 Subhash
17 1988 Rajesh Kumar
18 1989 Satywan
19 1990 Ombir Singh
20 1992 Pappu Yadav
21 1993 Ashok Kumar
22 1997 Jagdish Singh
23 1997 Sanjay Kumar
24 1998 Kaka Pawar
25 1998 Rohtas Singh Dahiya
26 1999 Ashok Kumar
27 2000 Randhir Singh
28 2000 Kripa Shakar Patel
29 2000 K.D. Jadhav (Posthumously)
30 2000 Naresh Kumar
31 2002 Palwinder Singh Cheema
32 2002 Sujeet Mann
33 2003 Shokhinder Tomar
34 2004 Anuj Kumar
35 2005 Sushil Kumar
36 2006 Geetika Jakhar
37 2008 Alka Tomar
38 2009 Yogeshwar Dutt
[edit] Arjun Awardees in Yachting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 Lt. Cdr. S. J. Contractor
2 1973 Afsar Hussain
3 1978-79 Cdr. S. K. Mongia
4 1981 Zarir Karanjia
5 1982 Farokh Tarapore
6 1982 Fali Unwalla
7 1982 Jeeja Unwalla
8 1986 Lt. Dhruv Bhandari
9 1987 C. S. Pradipak
10 1990 P. K. Garg
11 1993 Cdr. Homi Motiwala
12 1996 Lt. Cdr. Kelly Subbanand Rao (Posthumously)
13 1999 Aashim Mongia
14 2002 Nitin Mongia
15 2009 Girdhari Lal Yadav
Jnanpith Award
Jnanpith Award
Jnanpith Award (pronounced Gyanpeeth Award) is the highest literary honour presented by the Government of India. The award was instituted in 1961 and the first award was given to the Malayalam writer G Shankara Kurup in 1965. An Indian citizen who writes in any of the official languages of India is eligible for the honour. The award carries a cheque for Rs. 250,000, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi.
Before 1982, the awards were given for a single work by a writer. From 1982, the award is being given for overall contribution to Indian literature. So far Kannada writers have won 7 awards which is the highest for any language. Hindi writers have won 6 awards.
List of Awardees
Year Name Works Language
1965 G Sankara Kurup Odakkuzhal (Flute) Malayalam
1966 Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya Ganadevta Bengali
1967 Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa (Kuvempu)
Sri Ramayana Darshanam Kannada
1967 Umashankar Joshi Nishitha Gujarati
1968 Sumitranandan Pant Chidambara Hindi
1969 Firaq Gorakhpuri Gul-e-Naghma Urdu
1970 Viswanatha Satyanarayana Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu (A resourceful tree:Ramayana) Telugu
1971 Bishnu Dey Smriti Satta Bhavishyat Bengali
1972 Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' Urvashi Hindi
1973 Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre Nakutanti (Naku Thanthi) (Four Strings) Kannada
1973 Gopinath Mohanty Paraja Oriya
1974 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Yayati Marathi
1975 P.V.Akilan Chitttrappavai Tamil
1976 Asha Purna Devi Pratham Pratisruti Bengali
1977 K.Shivaram Karanth Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (Mookajjis dreams) Kannada
1978 Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar (How many times in many boats?) Hindi
1979 Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya Mrityunjay (Immortal) Assamese
1980 S. K. Pottekkatt Oru Desattinte Katha (Story of a land) Malayalam
1981 Amrita Pritam Kagaj te Canvas Punjabi
1982 Mahadevi Varma Yama Hindi
1983 Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar Chikkaveera Rajendra (Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra) Kannada
1984 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Kayar {Coir} Malayalam
1985 Pannalal Patel Maanavi Ni Bhavaai (??????? ????) Gujarati
1986 Sachidananda Rout Roy Oriya
1987 Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) Natsamrat Marathi
1988 Dr.C. Narayana Reddy Vishwambhara Telugu
1989 Qurratulain Hyder Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar Urdu
1990 V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi Kannada
1991 Subhas Mukhopadhyay Bengali
1992 Naresh Mehta Hindi
1993 Sitakant Mahapatra Oriya
1994 U.R. Ananthamurthy Kannada
1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair Randamoozham [second chance} Malayalam
1996 Mahasweta Devi Bengali
1997 Ali Sardar Jafri Urdu
1998 Girish Karnad for his contributions to modern Indian drama[5] Kannada
1999 Nirmal Verma Hindi
1999 Gurdial Singh Punjabi
2000 Indira Goswami Assamese
2001 Rajendra Keshavlal Shah Gujarati
2002 D. Jayakanthan Tamil
2003 Vinda Karandikar Ashtadarshana (poetry) Marathi
2004 Rahman Rahi Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Siyah Rode Jaren Manz Kashmiri [6]
2005 Kunwar Narayan Hindi[3]
2006 Ravindra Kelekar Konkani[3]
2006 Satya Vrat Shastri Sanskrit[4][7]
Jnanpith Award (pronounced Gyanpeeth Award) is the highest literary honour presented by the Government of India. The award was instituted in 1961 and the first award was given to the Malayalam writer G Shankara Kurup in 1965. An Indian citizen who writes in any of the official languages of India is eligible for the honour. The award carries a cheque for Rs. 250,000, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi.
Before 1982, the awards were given for a single work by a writer. From 1982, the award is being given for overall contribution to Indian literature. So far Kannada writers have won 7 awards which is the highest for any language. Hindi writers have won 6 awards.
List of Awardees
Year Name Works Language
1965 G Sankara Kurup Odakkuzhal (Flute) Malayalam
1966 Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya Ganadevta Bengali
1967 Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa (Kuvempu)
Sri Ramayana Darshanam Kannada
1967 Umashankar Joshi Nishitha Gujarati
1968 Sumitranandan Pant Chidambara Hindi
1969 Firaq Gorakhpuri Gul-e-Naghma Urdu
1970 Viswanatha Satyanarayana Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu (A resourceful tree:Ramayana) Telugu
1971 Bishnu Dey Smriti Satta Bhavishyat Bengali
1972 Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' Urvashi Hindi
1973 Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre Nakutanti (Naku Thanthi) (Four Strings) Kannada
1973 Gopinath Mohanty Paraja Oriya
1974 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Yayati Marathi
1975 P.V.Akilan Chitttrappavai Tamil
1976 Asha Purna Devi Pratham Pratisruti Bengali
1977 K.Shivaram Karanth Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (Mookajjis dreams) Kannada
1978 Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar (How many times in many boats?) Hindi
1979 Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya Mrityunjay (Immortal) Assamese
1980 S. K. Pottekkatt Oru Desattinte Katha (Story of a land) Malayalam
1981 Amrita Pritam Kagaj te Canvas Punjabi
1982 Mahadevi Varma Yama Hindi
1983 Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar Chikkaveera Rajendra (Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra) Kannada
1984 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Kayar {Coir} Malayalam
1985 Pannalal Patel Maanavi Ni Bhavaai (??????? ????) Gujarati
1986 Sachidananda Rout Roy Oriya
1987 Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) Natsamrat Marathi
1988 Dr.C. Narayana Reddy Vishwambhara Telugu
1989 Qurratulain Hyder Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar Urdu
1990 V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi Kannada
1991 Subhas Mukhopadhyay Bengali
1992 Naresh Mehta Hindi
1993 Sitakant Mahapatra Oriya
1994 U.R. Ananthamurthy Kannada
1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair Randamoozham [second chance} Malayalam
1996 Mahasweta Devi Bengali
1997 Ali Sardar Jafri Urdu
1998 Girish Karnad for his contributions to modern Indian drama[5] Kannada
1999 Nirmal Verma Hindi
1999 Gurdial Singh Punjabi
2000 Indira Goswami Assamese
2001 Rajendra Keshavlal Shah Gujarati
2002 D. Jayakanthan Tamil
2003 Vinda Karandikar Ashtadarshana (poetry) Marathi
2004 Rahman Rahi Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Siyah Rode Jaren Manz Kashmiri [6]
2005 Kunwar Narayan Hindi[3]
2006 Ravindra Kelekar Konkani[3]
2006 Satya Vrat Shastri Sanskrit[4][7]
Gallantry Awards
The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. It is considered to be India's highest military honor. The second word is pronounced 'Veer'. The name is sometimes abbreviated as PVC. It literally means 'Cross of the Ultimate Brave' (Sanskrit: Param, Ultimate; Vir (Pronounced veer), Brave; Chakra, Wheel or Cross)
Paramvir Chakra
The medal is made of bronze.
The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award for officers and other enlisted personnel of all military branches of India for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. It may be awarded posthumously and, indeed, most of the awards have been posthumous.
Provision was made for the award of a bar for second (or subsequent) awards of the Param Vir Chakra. To date, there have been no such awards. Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use P.V.C. as a postnominal abbreviation.
The award also carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of second lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent) and, in some cases, a lump-sum cash award. On the death of the recipient, the pension was transferred to the widow until her death or remarriage. This pension has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. By March 1999, the stipend stood at Rs. 1500 per month. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.
The PVC was established on January 26, 1950, by the President of India, with effect from August 15, 1947, and presently it is the second highest award of the government of India after Bharat Ratna (amendment in the statute on January 26, 1980 resulted in this order of wearing).
The medal was designed by Mrs Savitri Khanolankar (born Eva Yuonne Linda Maday-de-Maros to a Hungarian father and Russian mother) who was married to an Indian Army officer. By sheer coincidence, the first PVC was awarded to her son-in-law Major Som Nath Sharma for his bravery in the Kashmir operations in November 1947. He died while evicting Pakistani raiders from Srinagar Airport. This was when India and newly-formed Pakistan had the first war over the Kashmir issue.
1-3/8 inch, circular bronze medal. In the center, on a raised circle, the state emblem. Surrounding this, four replicas of Indra's Vajra (the all-powerful mythic weapon on the ancient Vedic god of war). The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspension bar. It is named on the edge.
On the rear, around a plain center, two legends separated by lotus flowers. The words Param Vir Chakra are written in Hindi and English.
The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspension bar.
The ribbon which holds the PVC is of 32 mm length and purple in colour. The award carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of second lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent) and, in some cases, a lump-sum cash award. Subedar Major Bana Singh of the 8 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry was the only serving personnel of the Indian defence establishment with a PVC till the Kargil operations.
The medal was designed to symbolise Rishi Dadich who donated his thigh bones to gods for making Vajra and Shiva
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