Philosophy-2006

1. Which one of the following is the correct

statement?

According to Aristotle, a substance which

has no potentialities at all is

a. not at all a substance

b. non-being

c. God

d. material substance

2. Match List-I (Philosopher, with List-II

(Concept) and select the correct answer

using the code given below the lists:

List-I

A. Aristotle

B. Thomas Aquinas

C. Saint Augustine

D. Rene Descartes

List II

1. Cogito ergo sum

2. Neo-Platonist

3. Scholasticism

4. God a Pure form

Code:

A B C D

a. 4 3 2 1

b. 2 1 4 3

c. 4 1 2 3

d. 2 3 4 1

3. Which of the following statements are

used in Descartes’ proofs for the existence

of God?

1. There must be as much reality in the

cause as in its effect.

2. Something cannot come out of

nothing.

3. A finite being cannot be the cause of a

being who has an idea of a perfect

being.

4. The fact that the idea of a perfect being

is in me demonstrates the existence of

God.

Select the correct answer using the code

given below

a. 1 and 3 only

b. 2, 3 and 4 only

c. 1, 3 and 4 only

d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

4. Which one of the following is set of

primary qualities according to Locke?

a. Colour, sound and extension

b. Colour. solidity and motion

c. Colour, sound and motion

d. Extension, solidity and motion

5. Which one of the following is the correct

statement?

According to Locke, the knowledge of the

properties of substance is

a. innate

b. self-evident

c. demonstrable

d. probable

6. “The clain that objects possess some

qualities that do not change at all is wrong

simply because there are never any

qualities in objects that remain unchanged

throughout our constantly changing

perceptions.” Who among the following

did not accept this?

a. Both Locke and Berkeley

b. Berekely but not Locke

c. Neither Locke nor Berkeley

d. Locke but not Berkeley

7. What do the Vaisesikas mean by

categories (padarthas)

a. Modes of predication

b. Modes of understanding

c. Dynamic stages of the development of

thought

d. Types of knowable objects or of reals

8. Which one of the following is the correct

statement?

In Yogacare Buddhism the so called

external object is only the knowable aspect

or the object-condition of

a. consciousness

b. avoid

c. mature

d. matter

9. Which of the following are acceptable to

Thomas Aquina for his conception of

theology?

1. Theology must be restricted to

revealed, type and it cannot be natural

2. The mysteries of faith cannot be

unintelligible but are simply beyond

human understanding.

3. The most important part of philosophy

is devoted to matters of theology.

4. The subject-matter of theology is the

content of faith.

Select the correct answer using the code

given below

a. 1, 2 and 3 only

b. 1, 2 and 4 only

c. 1, 3 and 4 only

d. 2, 3 and 4 only

10. Which one of the following is the view of

the Vaiseskikas?

a. Soul (Atman) is eternally conscious

and it is plural in number.

b. Soul is ultimately one which is pure

consciousness as such

c. Soul is eternal substance having

consciousness as an accidental quality

d. Soul is nothing but a by-product of

body

11. Consider the following statements:

According to Augustine

1. soul is an immaterial substance

2. soul is created by the divine miracle in

time

3. soul has neither origination nor death

Which of the statements given above are

correct?

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 1 and 3 only

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1, 2 and 3

12. Which one the following is the correct

statement?

According to Saint Augustine, God created

all things out of

a. matter

b. mind

c. word

d. nothing

13. Which one of the following is not true of

Spinoza’s theory of substance?

a. It is self-caused

b. It is infinite extension and infinite

thought

c. It is at once physical as well as mental

d. There is no correspondence between its

physical and mental asects

14. Which one of the following is correct

according to Spinoza account of God?

a. God is a personal being, benevolent

and loving

b. God is the highest Being, the creator of

all other beings including the World

c. God is the ultimate Reality that is selfcaused,

self existent, self-determined

and eternal substance

d. God is good, without evil and is

divinity par excellence to whom men

are to pray out of full reverence

15. Which one of the following statements is

not true Descartes ?

a. I think, therefore I am

b. Mind and body interact

c. The existence of the world is selfevident

d. Clarity and distinctness are criteria of

truth

16. Which one of the following statements is
not true Aquinas ?
a. The human soul is the form of the
human body
b. The rational soul is the only form of
the human body
c. Intellect and will are the two main
powers of the human soul
d. It is one and the same intellect that is
possessed all human beings
17. Match List-I (Theory) with List-II
(School) and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists:
List I
A. The self is the stream of consciousness
or mental states
B. The soul is a substance, which is
partless, eternal, independent and all
prevading
C. From the transcendental point of view
the individual self is Brahman and
nothing else
D. The individual soul is a portion God,
which is limited and not all pervading
List II
1. AdvaitaVedar
2. Buddhism
3. Visistadvaita
4. Nyaya-Vaisesika system
Code:
A B C D
a. 3 1 4 2
b. 2 4 1 3
c. 3 4 1 2
d. 2 1 4 3



18. Consider the following statements:
1. The world is an effect and hence it
must have an efficient cause-God.
2. The order, design and coordination
between different phenomena comes
from God.
3. Unintelligent Adrsta cannot sustain the
world.
4. God can be known through nirvikalpa
pratyaksa.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct according to Nyaya?
a. 1 only
b. 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1, 2 and 3 only
19. Which one of the following pairs is not
correctly matched?
a. Brahman is one without a second :
Brahman is formless and qualityless
b. Brahman alone is real: Jiva is
essentially non- different from
Brahman
c. Brahman is Isvara : Isvara is the
product of mayasakti of Brahman
d. Jagat is mithya: Jagat is maya, not
tuccha
20. Match List-I (Categories,) with List-II
(Instances) and
List – I
(Categories)
A. Paramarthika Sat
B. Vyavaharika Sat
C. Pratibhasika Sat
D. A-Sat
List II
(Instances)
1. Son of a barren woman
2. Rope-snake
3. Objects of the World
4. Brahman
Code:
A B C D
a. 4 3 2 1
b. 2 1 4 3
c. 4 1 2 3
d. 2 3 4 1
21. Match List-I (Philosophical System) with
List-II (Associated Doctrine,) and select
the correct answer using the code given
below the lists
List I
A. Samkhya
B. Visistadvita
C. Vaisesika
D. Buddhism
List II
1. Ksanabhangavada
2. Arambhavada
3. Prakrtiparinamavada
4. Brahmaparianamavada
Code:
A B C D
a. 3 2 4 1
b. 1 4 2 3
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c. 3 4 2 1
d. 1 2 4 3
22. What is the doctrine that assets that
universal and independent, both from
particulars and from the mind known as?
a. Conceptualism
b. Nominalism
c. Realism
d. Idealism
23. Which of the following is/are true of
Nominalism?
1. All names are universals.
2. All names, except proper names like
Rama, universals,
3. When we speak of an English poet, we
are talking to some individual or other
like Shelley. Keats or Eliot.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 only
24. Which of the following is/are true of
Plato’s view of Universals?
1. Only because there are objects like
tables, there are universals liek
‘tableness’.
2. All the tables are tables because each
one of them has its own universal in it.
3. All tables are instantiations of the
universal ‘tableness’.
4. All tables are real because they have
‘tableness’ in them.
Select the correct answer using the code
below
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 3 only
25. Which one of the following is a consistent
pair with regard to the theory of the
Universals?
a. Buddhism and Plato
b. Buddhism and Vaisesika
c. Vaisesika and Plato
d. Vedanta and Aristotle
26. Consider the following statements:
According to Aristotle
1. universals are not metal concepts but
real
2. universals are distinguishable from
particulars
3. universals are transcendent
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3only
d. l, 2 and 3
27. What is/are not acceptable to Berkeley’s
philosophical position?
1. Things are experienced as groups of
qualities.
2. Through comparison of the
combination of qualities resemblances
and common features are formed
3. Resemblances give rise to the
acquirement of a general reference and
significance.
4. The acceptance of general reference
leads to the acceptance of general
abstruct idea.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 2 only
d. 4 only
28. What is the perception through which me
make assimilation, discrimination, analysis
and synthesis, known as?
a. Nirvikalpa
b. Savikalpa
c. Laukika
d. Alaukia
29. Which of the following views concerning
Universals are not be rejected by the
Buddhists?
1. Universals are real and perceived
through the sense organs
2. Universals are real, but perceived only
through the mind.
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3. Surely there are particulars but no
universals.
4. From the fact that we all uniformly use
several general words, it does not
follow that there are distinct and
separate entities denoted by them.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 3 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1 and 4 only
30. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the- lists:
List I
A. Nyaya
B. Buddhism
C. Samkhya
D. Vedanta
List II
1. Pramanyam Svatah Apramanyam
Prathah
2. Pramanyam Syatah Apramayam
Syatah
3. Apramanyam Svatah Pramanyam
Paratah
4. Pramanyam Praratah Apramanyam
Paratah
Code:
A B C D
a. 2 3 4 1
b. 4 1 2 3
c. 2 1 4 3
d. 4 3 2 1
31. Which one of the following is not the
reason for Carvaka’s denial of inference as
pramana?
a. The invariable concomitance cannot be
proved among particulars
b. Inference, if concerned with
Samanyas, is an example of petitio
principii
c. The observed cases give no guarantee
about unobserved cases
d. Inference is of no use of the pursuit of
worldly happiness
32. The preception of all the pots through
pontness residing in one pot is possible
through the which kind of sense-object
contact?
a. Samanyalaksana
b. Jnanalaksana
c. Yogaja
d. Samyukta-Samaveta-Samavaya
33. Consider the following:
1. Pratijna
2. Hetu
3. Nigamana
4. Udaharana
5. Upanaya
What is the order of these of Naya
Syllogism?
a. 4-5-3-2-1
b. 5-2-4-1-3
c. 5-4-2-3-1
d. 1-2-4-5-3
34. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
Buddhist logicians accept two and only
two pramanas because according to them
a. all other pramanas accepted by other
are reducible to the two
b. no other pramanas can give true
cognition
c. there are two and only two kinds of
objects of pramanas
d. Lord Buddha, the ultimate authority,
advocate in his teaching only two
pramanas.
35. Which of the following statements are true
of Buddhist Epistemology?
1. Since all Buddhists accept the teaching
of the Buddha authority is an
independent source of valid knowledge
for them.
2. Although the Buddhists accept the
teaching of the Buddha, authority is
still not an independent source of valid
knowledge in their epistemology.
3. Inferred entities may also be perceived
and perceived entities may also be
inferred.
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4. Perceived entities cannot be inferred
and inferred entities cannot also be
perceived.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1 and 4 only
d. 2 and 3 only
36. Which one of the following is not true
according to Samkara?
a. God is pure consciousness
b. God is a self-conscious personality
c. God is the efficient and material cause
of the work
d. God is transcendentally unreal
(mithya)
37. According to Russell, a theory of truth
should be such that it makes truth a
property wholly dependent upon the
relation of beliefs to outside things.
Which theory of truth satisfies this
condition tile most?
a. Coherence theory
b. Correspondence theory
c. Pragmatic theory
d. Redundancy theory
38. Who, among the following, supports the
view that there are degrees of truth?
a. Realists
b. Idealists
c. Positivists
d. Agnostics
39. Which one of the following is a consistent
group with regard to the nature of truth?
a. Hegel, Bradley, Joachim
b. Locke, Berkeley, Hume
c. James, Dewey, Locke
d. Dewey, Schiller, Green
40. If the Pragmatic Theory of Truth is
accepted, which of the following
statements will have to be accepted?
1. Any key that successfully opens the
lock, must be its true key.
2. Since belief in God helps millions of
people, it must be true.
3. Rama must have visited South India
because there are so many local
records about it there
4. Any key that cannot successfully open
the lock, cannot be its true key
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 3 and 4 only
b. 1, 2 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1 and 3 only
41. Identify the logical demand made on us by
Anirvacaniya Khyati:
1. Acceptance of the exhaustive
classification of objects into real and
unreal.
2. Acceptance of the unreal as real.
3. Agreeing that there are entities that are
neither real nor unreal.
4. Mistaking some real objects for some
other real objects.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 4 only
d. 3 only
42. According to Nyaya, universals are
a. impermanent
b. non-real
c. eternal
d. both eternal and non-eternal
43. Which of the following pairs is not
correctly matched?
a. Objects divide themselves into classes,
thinking things and physical objects:
Objects are divided into mind and
body
b. The qualities or affections are
attributed to the objects: This is due to
interaction between mind and body
c. The essence of mind is to simply think:
The essence of body is simply to be
extended
d. Direct and natural communication
between mind and body is there: On
the occasion of the body being
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stimulated, God arouses in the mind
the appropriate sensation and response.
44. Who, among the following, holds the view
that as the concave and the convex
everywhere accompany and involve each
other, so thought and extension must be
conjoined in a one-to-one correspondence?
a. Descartes
b. Berkeley
c. Spinoza
d. Leibnitz
45. Which one of the following statements
correctly defines the term panpsychism?
a. Real is rational and the rational is real
b. The vital impulse permeates
everything that exists
c. Everything in the universe has a mind,
however undeveloped
d. The universe is constituted by
numerous persons

46. There are no soulless bodies, no dead
matter. Every portion of matter may be
compared to a pond flied with fish or a
garden full of plants.
Who advocated this theory?
a. Descartes
b. Leibnitz
c. Spinoza
d. Berkeley
47. Consider the following statements:
1. Monads are spiritual
2. Monads are windowless
3. Monads differ not in degree but in kind
4. Monads are endowed with perception
and appetition
Which of the statements gives above are
maintained by Leibnitz?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 4 only


48. Which of the following can be considered
to be true according to Barkeley?
1. There are no tables and chairs.
2. We mistakenly believe that there are
tables and chairs.
3. There are tables and chairs, but there is
no material substance.
4. If there is no material substance, there
cannot be any tables and chairs.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 3 only
49. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
a. Logical validity depends upon the
meanings of an argument only
b. Logical validity depends upon the form
of an argument only
c. Logical validity depends upon the
meaning and form of an argument
d. Logical validity depends upon the truth
of premises of an argument only
50. Consider the following statements:
1. An argument is evaluated as true or
false and never as valid or invalid
2. If major premise is particular, then
minor premise cannot be negative in a
valid standard form categorical
syllogism.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
51. Consider the following statements:
1. There are three different forms of
categorical propositions.
2. Every standard form categorical
proposition is said to have both a
quality and a quantity.
3. The quantity of a proposition is
universal or particular.
4. The quality of proposition is
affirmative or negative.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 1 and 2 only
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c. 2, 3 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only
52. Consider the following statements:
1. In ‘A’ propositions subjects term is
distributed.
2. In ‘E’ propositions subject and
predicate terms an distributed.
3. In ‘I’ propositions predicate term is
distributed.
4. In ‘0’ propositions subject term is
distributed.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 4 only
53. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
The quality of a proposition is
characterized as
a. affirmative or negative
b. universal or particular
c. affirmative or particular
d. negative or universal
54. Match List-I (Concept) with List-II
(Definition) and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists
List I
A. Sub-contraries
B. Sub-alternations
C. Contradictories
D. Contraries
List II
1. It is not possible for two propositions
to be true but both might be false
2. It is not possible for two propostions to
be true or false at the same time
3. It is not possible for two propositions
to be false at the same time but both
might be true
4. The truth of particular proposition is
implied by the truth of universal
proposition which differ in quantity but
not in quality
Code:
A B C D
a. 3 1 2 4
b. 2 4 3 1
c. 2 1 3 4
d. 3 4 2 1
55. Match List-I (Proposition) with List-
II(Distribution) and select the correct
answer using the code given below the
lists:
List-I
A. Universal Affirmative
B. Universal Negative
C. Particular Affirmative
D. Particular Negative
List II
1. Distributes the predicate only
2. Distributes the subject Only
3. Distributes both subject and predicate
4. Distributes neither subject nor
predicate
Code:
A B C D
a. 2 1 4 3
b. 4 3 2 1
c. 2 3 4 1
d. 4 1 2 3
56. If we let P represents the major term, S the
minor and the middle term, how can the
third figure be represented
a. M—P
S—M
∴ S —p
b. P—M
S—M
∴ S—P
c. M— P
M—S
∴ S —p
d. M— P
M—S
∴ S —p
57. Consider the following:
“No nuclear-powered submarines are
commercial vessel
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All nuclear-powered submarines are
warships.
Therefore no warships are commercial
vessels.”
What is the mood of the above syllogism?
a. EEE
b. AOO
c. EAE
d. AAE
58. Which one of the following represents the
fourth figure a categorical syllogism?
a. P— M
S—M
∴ S—P
b. M—P
S—M
∴ S—P
c. P— M
M—S
∴ S—P
d. M—P
M—S
∴ S—P
59. Which one of the following statements is
not correct:
a. The mood of a syllogism is determined
by the propositions if contains
b. The mood of a syllogism is determined
by the order of propositions if contains
c. The form of a syllogism is a
combination of mood and figure
d. Every syllogism has exactly three
terms, each one is repeated twice
60. Match List-I (Symbolism) with List-II
(Mood and Figure) and select the correct
answer using the code given below the
lists
List I
A. MIP
MAS
∴ SOP
B. MAP
SIM
∴ SEP
C. PEM
SOM
∴ SOP
D. PAM
MES
∴ SEP
List II
1. AEE-IV
2. IAO-III
3. EOO-II
4. AIE-I
Code:
A B C D
a. 1 3 4 2
b. 2 4 3 1
c. 1 4 3 2
d. 2 3 4 1
61. In which figure/figures ‘the major premise
must be universal’ is a special rule?
a. Second
b. First and Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
62. All horses are animals.
No dogs are horses.
Therefore, no dogs are animals.
Which one of the following statements is
correct in respect of the above syllogism?
a. This is valid because of its form
b. This is invalid because second premise
is not true
c. This is valid because the conclusion is
correct
d. This is invalid because of illicit minor
63. Consider the following:
All mammals are dogs.
No dogs are cats.
Therefore, no cates are mammals.
Which one of the following Venn
diagrams represents the syllogism?
a.
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b.
c.
d.
64. Which one of the following syllogisms is
not invalid?
a. EIO-4
b. OAO-4
c. AOO-3
d. AOO-4
65. Match List-I (Syllogistic Forms) with List-
Il (Venn Diagram) and select the correct
answer using the code given below the
lists:
List I
A. AEE in IV Figure
B. AII in II Figure
C. EIO in II Figure
D. AAA in I Figure
List II
1.
2.
3.
4.
Code:
A B C D
a. 4 1 2 3
b. 2 3 4 1
c. 4 3 2 1
d. 2 1 4 3
66. All material bodies are extended.
All shadoes are extended.
∴ All shadoes are material bodies.
The argument involves which fallacy?
a. Illicit major
b. Existential fallacy
c. Undistributed middle
d. Fallacy of four terms
67. Which one of the following syllogism is
valid?
a. AAA-II
b. AII-II
c. AEE-I
d. AAA-I
68. Which one of the following syllogistic
forms involves the fallacy of illicit major?
a. EIO in fourth figure
b. EAO is second figure
c. IEO in first figure
d. IAI in third figure
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69. Whatever is in demand is costly and since
on TV sets are in demand, they are not
costly.
This syllogism commits which fallacy?
a. Illicitminor
b. Illicit major
c. Undistributed middle term
d. Ambiguous major
70. Match List-I (Argument) with List-II
(Fallacy) and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists
List I
A. I touch the table.
The table touches the floor
∴ I touch the floor
B. All men are mortal.
All birds are mortal.
∴ All birds are men.
C. All horses are quadrupeds.
No dogs are horses.
∴ No dogs are quadrupeds
D. No humans are perfect.
All humans are animals.
∴ No animals are perfect
List II
1. Fallacy of illicit major
2. Fallacy of undistributed middle
3. Fallacy of illicit minor
4. Fallacy of four terms
Code:
A B C D
a. 4 3 1 2
b. 1 2 4 3
c. 4 2 1 3
d. 1 3 4 2
71. The 1ST agents were caught with the
dreaded RDX and it would have been used
either to attack our joint security force or
to cause terror among the Kashmiri
people.”
Where
I: 1ST agents were caught....
A: It would have been used to attack ....
T: It would have been used to cause
terror......
When we apply the Rule of Distribution to
the above, how would it get symbolized?
a. (I. A) . (A. T)
b. (I. A) ∨ (I. T)
c. (I . A) . (I. T)
d. (I ∨ A) (I. A)
72. Which one of the following arguments is
valid truth functionally?
a. We’ll win, for if they withdraw, if we
advance, we’ll win; and we will
advance
b. I won’t have a second cup. Therefore, I
won’t die if don’t have a second cup
c. It explodes if it’s armed and fired.
Therefore either it explodes if it’s
armed, or it explodes if it is fired
d. Hema is home if Lima is. Therefore,
Hema is home just in case Lima is
73. Which one of the following is the correct
symbolization of the statement “If men
prefer chaste women if and only if chastity
is a virtue then men prefer virtuous
women”? (p abbreviates ‘men prefer
chaste women’; q abbreviates ‘chastity is a
virtue’ and r abbreviates ‘men prefer
virtuous women’).
a. (p ⊃ q) ⊃ r
b. (q ⊃ p) ⊃ r
c. (p ≡ q)⊃ r
d. p ⊃ (q ⊃ r)
74. Consider the following statements:
According to Jain ethics a free soul attains
1. Infinite knowledge
2. Infinite intuition
3. Infinite power
4. Infinite bliss
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
75. Match List-I (Truth Function) with List-II
(Equivalent Definition) and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists
List I
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A. ~ (p . q)
B. p ∨ q
C. p ⊃ q
D. ~ (p . ~ q)
List II
1. ~ p ⊃ q
2. ~ (p . ~ q)
3. ~ (p ∨ ~ q)
4. ~ p ∨ q
Code:
A B C D
a. 4 1 2 3
b. 3 2 1 4
c. 4 2 1 3
d. 3 1 2 4

76. The first Noble Truth of Buddha is best
started by which one of the following
expressions?
a. Every being in the world is full of
suffering
b. Life is full of misery and pain
c. There are both joys and sufferings
d. Every pleasure is accompanied by pain
77. Which one of the following statement is
correct?
a. A conditional is false whenever its
antecedent is false
b. A conditional is false whenever its
consequent is false
c. A conditional is true whenever its
antecedent is true
d. A conditional is true whenever its
antecedent is false
78. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List I
A. When all the substitution instances are
true
B. When all the substitution instances are
false
C. When at least one of the substitution
instances is true and at least one is
false
List II
1. Self-contradictory
2. Contingent
3. Tautology
Code:
A B C
a. 3 1 2
b. 1 3 2
c. 3 2 1
d. 1 2 3
79. Consider the truth-table of the following
argument:
p ⊃ q, ~ p ∴ ~ q
p q p ⊃ p ~ p ~q
T T T F F
T F F F T
F T T T F
F F T T T
Which one of the following statements is
correct? The argument given above is
invalid as shown by
a. first row
b. second row
c. third row
d. fourth row
80. What is the relation between two
propositions if one is the negation of the
other, that is, if they cannot both be true
and they cannot both be false?
a. Contradictories
b. Contraries
c. Sub alternates
d. None of the above
81. Consider the following statements:
1. Certain things are called ‘gold’
because these are gold.
2. Certain things are called ‘gold’
because these look like gold.
3. Certain things are called ‘gold’
because these are not silver.
4. Certain things are called ‘gold’
because these are called ‘gold’.
Which of the statements given above are
representatives of the realist view of
universals?
a. 1,2 and 3 only
b. 1, 3 and 4 only
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c. 1 and 2 only
d. 2, 3 and 4 only
82. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List I
A. Doubt
B. Illusion
C. Indefinite perception
D. Dream
List II
1. It is an indefinite cognition in which
both alternatives are unmanifest
2. If appears like perception of unreal
objects through the sense organs but it
is not a sensory perception
3. It is an indefinite knowledge in which
the mind oscillates between the two
memory images
4. It is a false sensory cognition
knowledge which does not apprehend
the real nature of an object
Code:
A B C D
a. 3 2 1 4
b. 1 4 3 2
c. 3 4 1 2
d. 1 2 3 4
83. If A, B and C are true statements and X, Y
and Z are false statements, which one of
the following false?
a. ~ A ∨ B
b. ~ B ∨ X
c. ~ Y ∨ C
d. ~ Z ∨ X
84. Which of the following are associated with
eight-fold path of Buddhism?
1. Samyag smrti (right thought)
2. Samyag sankalpa (right resolve)
3. Samyag darsana (right faith)
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3 only
85. Which one of the following is a tautology?
a. p ⊃ ~ p
b. p ⊃ (p ⊃ p)
c. (p ⊃ ~ p. (~ p ⊃ p)
d. (p ⊃ p) ⊃ p
86. Consider the following expressions:
1. p. q = df. ~ (p ⊃ ~q)
2. p.q = df.~ (~p ∨ q)
3. p ∨ q = df. ~ (~ p. ~ q)
4. p ∨ q = df. ~(p. ~q)
Which of the expression given above are
not correct?
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 2, 3 and 4 only
87. Which of the following is/are called
disjunctive syllogism (DS)?
1. p ∨ q
~ p
∴ q
2. q ∨ p
~ p
∴ q
3. p ∨ q
p
∴ q
4. p ∨ q
p
∴ q
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
a. 2 only
b. 1 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2 and 4 only
88. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List I
A. Z ⊃ (A ⊃ B)
∴ Z ⊃ ( ~ ~ A ⊃ B)
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B. (~ F ∨ G) .(F ⊃ G)
∴ (F ⊃ G).) (F ⊃ G)
C. O ⊃ (P ⊃ Q) . (Q ⊃ P)
∴ O ⊃ (P ≡ Q)
List II
1. Material implication
2. Double negation
3. Material equivalence
Code:
A B C
a. 2 1 3
b. 3 1 2
c. 1 2 3
d. 2 3 1
89. Consider the following:
1. ~ (p ∨ q) ≡ ( ~ p. ~ q)
2. (~ p. ~ q) ≡ ( ~ q. ~ p)
3. ~ (p.q) ≡ ( ~ p∨ ~ q)
4. ~ ~ p ≡ p
Which of the above stated rules of
replacement are called De Morgan’s
theorems?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1 and 3 only
90. Which one of the following is true
according to Gandhi?
a. The end justifies the means
b. The means justify the end
c. ‘Means’ and ‘end’ are convertible
terms
d. Ends are less important than means

91. Which one of the following is a statement
of fact?
a. Sheela thinks that Paris is the most
beautiful city in France
b. What is the colour of a blackbird’s
legs?
c. Thou shall not steal
d. We ought to obey the commands of
God
92. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
An act is right if and only if it is intended
to produce the greatest balance of good
over evil is the stand adopted by
a. a teleologist
b. a deontologist
c. an egoist
d. an emotivist
93. Deontological theories of ethics are
concerned with which one of the
following?
a. Moral rules
b. Good consequences of actions
c. Approval by society
d. Man’s desires
94. “Nature has placed mankind under the
governance of two govereign masters, pain
and pleasure.” Which one of the following
is being advocated by the author?
a. Epicureanism
b. Ethical hedonism
c. Euclemonism
d. Psychological hedonism
95. Which one of the following is not correct
matched?
a. The greatest happiness principle:J.S.
Mill
b. The transvaluation of values : F.
Nietzsche
c. Descriptivism : J. Bentham
d. Intuitionism : G.E. Moore
96. What does the paradox of hedonism mean?
a. pleasure are always mixed with pains
b. Men are driven my both pleasure and
pain
c. The more one runs after pleasure, the
less he gets it
d. Self-love conflicts with altruism
97. Consider the following statements:
1. Pleasure of poetry is superior in quality
to the pleasure of ice-cream.
2. Pleasure of poetry is preferable to the
pleasure of ice-cream because the
fori1ier is more durable than the latter.
3. The pleasure of the king is more
valuable than the pleasure of his
servant even when the pleasure of the
15 of 17
king is of same quantity as the pleasure
of the servant.
Which of the statements given above is/are
acceptable to Bentham?
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 only
c. l, 2 and 3
d. 2 and 3 only
98. Consider the following statements:
1. Each person’s happiness is desirable.
2. “Each person is to count for one and
none for more than one.”
3. People always desire wealth and
knowledge for their own sake.
4. “The general happiness is good to the
aggregate of all persons.”
Which of the statements given above are
acceptable to Mill?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and3 only
d. l, 2 and 4 only
99. Which one of the following will not form a
part of Bentham’s ethical theory?
a. Quantitative calculation of pleasures
b. Weighing pleasures and pains
c. Conscience as the ultimate sanction of
morality
d. Rejection of natural law as foundation
of morality
100. Which of the following are correct about
Mill’s utilitarianism?
1. Morality does not require a
transcendent basis.
2. It derives support from psychological
hedonism.
3. It allows people to prefer one kind of
pleasure over others.
4. It implies that the question of rightness
of an action is not decidable in
principle in every case.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below:
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2 and 3 only
101. By calling every person an end in itself,
what does Kant mean?
1. It is our duty to promote other people’s
virtues.
2. We subordinate other people’s wellbeing
to our own.
3. Not even God is ‘allowed’ to treat a
person as a mere means.
4. We are to respect the human dignity.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below
a. l, 2 and 3 only
b. l, 3 and 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 3 only
102. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
For Kant, the freedom of will is
a. an impossible ideal
b. an analytic truth
c. a postulate of morality
d. a posteriori truth
103. Who believes that the concept of free will
must involve causality?
a. Freewill advocate
b. Fatalist
c. Compatibility
d. Determinist
104. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below
the lists
List I
A. Language used as command,
exhortation advice, guidance, etc.
B. Language used to describe facts, habits
and attitudes
C. Language used for expressing
approval, attitude and persuasion
List-II
1. Prescriptive
2. Descriptive
3. Emotive
Code:
A B C
16 of 17
a. 1 2 3
b. 2 3 1
c. 3 1 2
d. 3 2 1
105. Which one of the following is the correct
statement?
A fallacy occurs when
a. ‘is’ is deduced from ‘is’
b. ‘can’ is deduced from ‘ought’
c. ‘ought’ is deduced from ‘is’
d. ‘ought’ is deduced from ‘ought’

106. Consider the following argument:

“Only women are physically capable of

bearing and nursing children. Therefore,

women ought to be the primary caretakers

of children.”

The argument stated above commits which

fallacy?

a. Naturalistic fallacy

b. Appeal to tradition

c. Irrelevant conclusion

d. Hasty generalization






107. What does R. M. Hare mean by universal

moral principle?

a. It must have been accepted by

everybody always

b. It is enforced by the provision of law

c. It must be the proclamation of a

universal religion

d. It is a moral principle for somebody in

some situation, then it is a moral

principle for others in similar

circumstances.

108. Consider the following statements:

1. Moral judgements are neither true nor

false.

2. Moral judgements involve, principles.

3. Moral judgement are universalizable.

4. Meaningful discussion is not possible

on moral judgements.

Which of the statements given above are

acceptable to R. M. Hare?

a. 1 and 4 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. l, 2 and 3 only

d. 2, 3 and 4 only

109. Which one of the following considers that

value judgements entail imperatives?

a. Descriptivism

b. Emotivism

c. Prescriptivism

d. Intuitionism

110. Who used the notion of persuasive

definition?

a. A. J. Ayer

b. C. L. Stevenson

c. Hare

d. Moore

111. Which one of the following is the correct

statement?

According to A. J. Ayer, a moral

judgement given by at individual regarding

an action is

a. a statement about his feelings of

approval or disapproval regarding the

action

b. a statement about the moral value of

the action

c. a statement about the approval or

disapproval of the society regarding

the action

d. the expression of his emotions of

approval or disapproval regarding the

action

112. Which of the following correctly

describe(s) Sthitaprajni according to

‘Gita’?

1. He by self abides in the self and has

found joy, satisfaction and peace in

self.

2. He has given up all his desires.

3. He is not affected by pain, pleasure,

passion, fear and anger.

4. He has withdrawn all his senses from

the attraction of other objects.

Select the correct answer using the code

given below

a. 1, 2, 3 and 4

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 1 and 2 only

d. 1 only

113. Tn Niskama-karmayoga of the ‘Gita’

‘Karma’ is to be understood as which of

the following?

a. The action chosen by oneself

b. The action prescribed according to

Varna and Asrama

c. The action obligated by custom

d. Any action

114. Consider the following in reference to

Kant’s thinking:

Assertion: Autonomy of the will is the

supreme principle of morality.

Reason (R) : We can only think of

autonomy as member of the intelligible

world (Noumena). As members of the

sensible world we have no freedom.

Codes:

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

115. Assertion (A) : There is a lack of

entailment relation between description

and prescription.

Reason (R): Description and prescription

have different logical functions in

language

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

116. Assertion (A). Simultaneity of cognitions

is impossible according to the Naiyayika.

Reason (R): Atomicity of mind (manas)

does not allow different cognitions to be

perceived at one time.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

117. According to Berkeley

Assertion (A) : There can no more be an

abstract idea of a triangle than there can be

an abstract triangle.

Reason (R) : A non-specific mental image

of a triangle is a mental fiction.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

118. Assertion (A) : Knowledge according to

the Advaita Vedantin is self-validating

despite its not being self-revealing.

Reason (R) : For the Vedantins, external

validation of cognition leads to an infinite

regress.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

119. Assertion (A) : An argument is a group of

propositions of which one, the conclusion,

is clear to follow from others, which a

premises.

Reason (R) : Propositions are typically

stated in declarative sentences in an

argument.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true

120. Assertion (A): Some idealists are fanatics.

Reason (R) : All reformers are idealists

and some reformers are fanatics.

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false

d. A is false but R is true